The change of river scouring and siltation has a great influence on the stability of river structure. If the trend of river erosion and sediment change is obtained, and the monitoring of river structure can be effectively monitored, the safety of river structure and the investment of human and material resources can be effectively saved. In this research, the bed surface and the volume method of the survey data and related hydrological data, using Schoklitsch's sediment transport formula for calculation, to estimate the trend of river scouring and silting. And the actual measurement section data of the Lelin Bridge section of Chihpen River is used as the verification to discuss the applicability of the trend of the calculation result of the sand transport formula. And the actual measurement section data of the Lelin Bridge section of Chihpen River is used as the verification to discuss the applicability of the trend of the calculation result of the sediment transport formula in Soil and Water Conservation Technical Specification. The results show that the trend of scouring and silting on the river is similar to the actual measurement section result, and the bed surface method with Schoklitsch's sediment transport formula is more better for the estimation the trend of the scouring and silting.