論羅爾斯「對」的優先性

On Rawls's Claim of the Priority of the Right

吳澤玫(Tse-Mei Wu)

指導教授 ： 林火旺

國立臺灣大學/文學院/哲學研究所/碩士(2004年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2004.00015

摘要

摘 要

本文旨在闡明羅爾斯「對」的優先性主張。在涉及主要社會制度對於基本權利、義務、以及社會合作利益的分配問題上，羅爾斯反對古典效益主義將「對」定義為「好」的極大化以及「好」優先於「對」的主張。在《正義論》中，羅爾斯主張賦予「對」優先的地位。對羅爾斯而言，「對」在兩個意義下優先於「好」：知識論的意義與道德限制的意義。前者指的是具道德正當性的正義原則，可以在不預設任何特殊價值觀的情況下被推導出來；後者指的則是正義原則為可允釭獄靋

關鍵字

正義即公平 ； 行為主體爭論 ； 沈岱爾 ； 「對」的優先性 ； 羅爾斯

並列摘要

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to elucidate John Rawls’s claim of the priority of the right. In issue concerning the way in which the major social institutions distribute fundamental rights and duties and determine the division of advantages from social cooperation, Rawls argues against classical utilitarianism that it defines the right as the maximization of the good and that it gives priority to the good over the right. In A theory of Justice, Rawls proposes to view the right as the prior. For Rawls, the right is prior to the good in two senses: the epistemological sense and the moral sense. The former means that the principles of justice can be derived in a way that does not presuppose any particular conceptions of the good, and the latter means that the principles of justice set limits to permissible conceptions of the good and ways of life.
In this thesis, I begin by examining how Rawls justifies the priority of the right in terms of the idea of the fairness and his design of the original position. Next, I analyze and assess Michael J. Sandel’s criticisms, which argue that such priority is based upon a defective conception of agency. I point out that, with the methodological clarification in his later theory, Rawls can reply to Sandel’s criticisms effectively. Third, I analyze and assess some criticisms about the desirability and the feasibility of the priority of the right. In conclusion, I point out that, through proper interpretation and modification, Rawls’s claim of the priority of the right is both desirable and feasible; hence can be accepted as the basis of the theory of social justice.

並列關鍵字

Michael J. Sandel ； Justice as fairness ； John Rawls ； Priority of the right ； Agency debate

參考文獻

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