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  • 學位論文

復康巴士成本函數與經濟特性分析

Cost Function and Economic Characteristics of Handicap Bus

指導教授 : 張學孔
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摘要


因應高齡化社會的到來,對於高齡人口的各種照護已是目前社會所關注之議題,而交通運輸是民眾生活中之必要,因而針對高齡者以及身心障礙者之無障礙運輸服務是社會福利國家努力的目標。台灣最具代表性之無障礙運輸服務即為復康巴士,而在未來對於復康巴士需求日益提升的情況下,復康巴士之服務績效、經濟以及營運特性值得深入探討,以作為研擬營運服務方案以及推動策略之重要參考。本研究以台中市復康巴士為研究對象,首先以統計分析了解其營運現況與基本資訊,其中發現每趟次載客里程應與分區服務面積相關,而周轉率應與醫院分布有關,此隱含未來劃分服務區域時可考慮服務範圍以及其醫院數量,將能有效提高車輛周轉率。接著,本研究透過台中市復康巴士成本函數來了解其經濟特性。研究建立之Translog成本函數中,設定產出為延人公里,投入要素為油料要素價格、維修要素價格以及勞力要素價格,而樣本為台中市復康巴士海線與屯區2015至2016年之營運資料,並利用虛擬變數消弭不同分區間存在之樣本異質性。實證分析顯示,復康巴士不論是整體或分區皆具有規模經濟之特性,而油料要素價格與維修要素價格自身需求彈性趨近0,應存在價格僵固性。此外,經由自變數檢定後發現共乘率與載客率間有顯著正相關性,推測是因共乘率增加可減少部分空駛里程,造成載客率上升,此隱涵復康巴士提升共乘率將可減少空駛里程所造成的成本浪費,並提升整體營運績效。

並列摘要


In view of approaching the aging society, how to deal with various care needs is the serious concern in our society. Transportation issues accounted for the heavy proportion of people living. Hence, for the elderly and people with disabilities, an accessible and barrier-free transportation environment is an important goal that welfare country is working for. Taiwan's most representative accessible transportation service is the handicap bus. For the increasing demand for handicap bus in the near future, service performance, economic features and operational characteristics of the handicap bus are worthy of research in formulating operation program and development strategy of handicap bus services. In this study, operational performance and economic characteristics of handicap bus in Taichung City are analyzed. First, this study uses statistics analysis to understand its operation status and basic information. It is shown that the average trip length is associated with the area of the service zones while the turnover rate of the handicap bus is associated with distribution of hospitals in each service zone. Then, this study develops Translog cost function to explore economic characteristics of handicap bus services in Taichung. The output of the function is passenger-kilometers while the input variables consist of oil cost, maintenance cost and labor cost. The data used in analysis is from the Taichung City Government with operation data on 2015 to 2016. It is found that the Taichung handicap bus has characteristics of scale economies in both service zone level and overall city area. The oil cost and maintenance cost’s elasticity is close to 0 and there exists the attribute of stickiness. Besides, after the independent variable test, it is found that the turnover rate and the passenger occupancy rate are highly correlated. This positive correlation implied that the increase in the turnover rate may reduce un-used mileages and then increase the occupancy rate. It is therefore suggested that the handicap bus service should have strategy of enhancing the turnover rate and it can help of reducing the operation cost and increase overall operation performance and service quality.

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