全球化與夾處在國家與資本之間的珠江三角洲農民工

Globalization and Peasant Workers in the Pearl Delta

黃德北(Te-Pe Huang)

《政治學報》 44期 (2007/12) Pp. 67-100

https://doi.org/10.6229/CPSR.2007.44.03

摘要

過去二十餘年間，全球資本主義出現急遽的變化，由於資本流動管制的解除，某種資本的全球化得以實現，跨國企業能夠自由地流動至他們所中意的地區投資生產，建立起全球範圍的商品供應鏈。中國大陸東南沿海許多工廠與跨國品牌公司建立緊密的商業關係，構成全球商品供應鏈的重要一環。不過，目前的商品供應鏈是由買家主導的供應鏈，因此出口代工的生產廠商處於比較不利的議價位置，微薄的利潤與激烈的競爭使得只有拼命壓低生產成本，才能在市場上生存，以致工廠的勞動條件變得非常惡劣。本文透過對珠江三角洲中深圳、東莞與珠海等三個城市9家出口導向型勞動密集工廠農民工的田野訪談，探討在全球商品供應鏈架構下農民工的勞動與流動，分析夾處在資本與國家間的農民工之勞動條件與勞動關係如何受這兩股力量的影響，以及農民工的處境又如何影響著他們未來的流動。我們的研究發現，大多數農民工都選擇「出走」，儘快擺脫農民工身分，而不願留下來「發聲」，以集體抗爭方式爭取其權益。

關鍵字

全球化 ； 全球商品供應鏈 ； 勞動關係－中國大陸 ； 農民工 ； 資本主義發展－中國大陸

並列摘要

Global capitalism has undergone drastic changes for the past two decades or so. Because of the deregulation of capital flow, a form of capitalist globalization has come being, wherein transnational corporations can freely migrate to desirable places for investment and production. Thus various global commodity supply chains are established. Many factories in Southeast China seaboard have established close business relationships with transnational brand-name companies, and become a vital link in the global commodity supply chain.However, the current commodity supply chains are largely buyer-dominated. Export-processing firms are at a disadvantage bargaining position. Low profit margin and fierce competition force the export-processing firms in the Pearl River Delta to aggressively lower their production cost in order to survive in the marketplace. This, in turn, results in terrible working conditions in the factories.Through interviews with peasant workers in export-oriented labor-intensive industries in the three Pearl River Delta cities, Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Zhuhai, this article explores the labor condition and migration of peasant workers under the global commodity supply chain. It analyzes how the labor condition and labor relations of peasant workers are formed by the two dominant forces: the state and the market. Also discussed is how the conditions of the peasant workers affects their future mobility.

並列關鍵字

globalization ； global commodity chains ； labor relations-China ； peasant workers ； capitalist development-China

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