高屏平原地區新石器時代以來史前遺址分布與環境變遷關係之研究

The Relationship between the Distribution of Archaeological Sites Distribution and the Environmental Change on Kaohsiung-Pingtung Plain Area since Neolithic Age

龔琪嵐(Chi-Lan Kung) ； 齊士崢(Shyh-Jeng Chyi) ； 蔡衡(Heng Tsai) ； 劉益昌(Yi-Chang Liu) ； 黃文樹(Wen-Shu Huang)

《中國地理學會會刊》 48期 (2012/06) Pp. 39-62

https://doi.org/10.29972/BGSC.201206.0003

摘要

本文試圖將高屏地區新石器時代以來史前遺址的空間分布及遺址內容特徵，配合高屏地區的地形地質環境變遷研究成果，以及鳳鼻頭遺址南端的沉積物樣本分析結果，探討高屏地區新石器時代的遺址分布變化與環境變遷關係。研究結果顯示：（1）在萬年以來，高屏溪流域的上下游多次發生大規模的堆積作用，山麓邊緣持續發生大規模沖積扇加積事件，致使當時屏東平原的環境並不適合人們的長期的定居或生活的地區，其上即使有短期聚落發生，也可能在頻繁的河流變動過程中被破壞而無法留下曾經居住過的痕跡。（2）在新石器時代早期至中期，高屏地區處於相對穩定的冷乾時期，溫濕變化不明顯，且高雄平原海岸位置亦無明顯變動，整體環境相對呈穩定狀態，其上人類活動分布選擇多靠近海岸地帶及平原區的丘陵邊緣。（3）3000 yr B.P.後在楠梓仙溪出谷口的山麓地帶出現新的遺址，2000 yr B.P.後河流出谷口的山麓地帶及平原區上的遺址數大增，可知相對於屏東平原其他流域而言，楠梓仙溪流域下游可能在約3000 yr B.P.之後便相對穩定，且不再於出谷口處發育大規模的沖積扇加積事件，而高屏溪流域下游平原地帶的地形環境變化亦應於2000 yr B.P.之後便逐漸穩定。（4）高屏地區新石器時代的生計活動以農獵為主，僅靠海地區的較大遺址出現漁業性質器物，顯示其生活（生計）方式仍為環境適應的結果。

關鍵字

高屏地區 ； 新石器時代 ； 考古遺址分布 ； 環境變遷 ； 人地關係

並列摘要

This paper attempts to explore the relationship between the Neolithic sites distribution and the environmental change on Kaohsiung-Pingtung area. The results show that: (1) since the late Holocene, the upstream and downstream of the Kaoping River suffers the continuous large-scale alluvial aggradation events, and may resulting in that, the setting of Pingtung Plain was not suitable for people long-term settlement or make a living, while the river process of frequent changes also may destroyed the traces of the remains. (2) since 5000 yr BP, the Kaohsiung-Pingtung area was in a comparatively stable climate state, the distribution of human activities selected more close to the edge of the coast, hills and plain areas, but after 3000 yr BP, a large number of original sites disappeared, and the later sites were be found in the foothills of the Nantsaihsien Taniguchi. (3) after 2000 yr BP, according to the distribution of sites might indicated that, the landscape evolution of the Kaohsiung-Pingtung area were more stable than before. (4) By the statistical analysis of the tools kits shows that, indicated that their lives (livelihoods) is response to the environmental adaptation.”

並列關鍵字

Kaohsiung-Pingtung area ； Neolithic ； archaeological sites distribution ； environmental change ； man-land relationship

參考文獻

吳意琳、Laurent, Deschdot(2011)。都蘭灣沙丘階地與古環境調查報告。東台灣研究。16，67-86。

屈慧麗、黃文樹、蔡衡(2010)。從惠來遺址出土遺物和古土壤形態探討台中盆地史前環境。考古人類學刊。72，35-66。

Angelucci, D. E.(2003).Geoarchaeology and micromorphology of Abric de la Cativera (Catalonia, Spain).Catena.54,573-601.

Beach, T.,Nicholas, D.,Martin, D.(2008).Geoarchaeology and geomorphology: Soils, sediments, and societies: A special issue of geomorphology.Geomorphology.3(101),413-415.

Benedetti, M. M.,Cordova, C. E.,Beach, T.(2011).Soils, sediments, and geoarchaeology: Introduction.Catena.85,83-86.