漢譯佛典語法之「相違釋」複合詞考察－以玄奘所譯《瑜伽師地論》為主

An Inquiry into the Chinese Translations of Sanskrit Coordinative Compounds in the Buddhist Canon-Based Mainly on Xuanzang's Translation of the Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra

釋惠敏(Huimin Bhikshu)

《法鼓佛學學報》 8期 (2011/06) Pp. 1-31

https://doi.org/10.6889/DDJBS.201106_(8).0001

摘要

漢譯佛典語法對於梵語「複合詞」（Compounds，二語以上之合成詞）的解釋法有六種方式，稱為「六離合釋」──相違釋、依主釋、持業釋、帶數釋、鄰近釋、有財釋。本文將以玄奘所譯《瑜伽師地論》為主，考察約130個「相違釋」（Dvandva，並列複合詞）之梵漢譯例，探討梵漢語法對於「相違釋」語序規則異同的議題，以及發現「音節少者應置前」規則之譯例數量最多，共有85例（約占整體「相違釋」譯例之65%）等現象。

關鍵字

並列複合詞 ； 相違釋 ； 《瑜伽師地論》 ； 漢譯佛典語言學

並列摘要

According to Chinese Buddhist exegetical tradition, the nominal compounds could be classified into the following six types, namely Coordinative (Dvandva), Dependent Determinative (Tatpuruṣa), Descriptive Determinative (Karmadhāraya), Numerative (Dvigu), Adverbial (Avyayībhāva), and Possessive (Bahuvrīhi) Compounds. This article will examine around 130 Coordinative Compounds mainly occurring in the Yuqie-shidi-lun, Xuanzang's Chinese rendering of the Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra, and investigate the Sanskrit-Chinese correlations and differences with respect to the word order in those compounds. In this study, it has been found that the Chinese translations of the compounds where the word with fewer syllables comes first are more common, totaling 85 occurrences (approximately 65% of all the sampled Coordinative Compounds).

並列關鍵字

Coordinative Compound ； Dvandva ； Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra ； ChineseBuddhist Linguistics

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