檳榔園轉作造林之生態系統碳儲存量變化：以921地震後的中寮為例

Changes in Ecosystem Carbon Stocks in Betel Nut Palm Farmland Following Reforestation: A Case Study in Chungliao after the 921 Earthquake

鄭智馨(Chih-Hsin Cheng) ； 陳彥睿(Yen-Jui Chen) ； 邱祈榮(Chyi-Ron Chiou) ； 林俊成(Jiunn-Cheng Lin) ； 吳俊賢(Chih-Shien Wu)

《中華林學季刊》 44卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 217-232

https://doi.org/10.30064/QJCF.201106.0006

摘要

隨全球暖化及氣候變遷問題的日益嚴重，減緩溫室效應所帶來的環境惡化爲目前最重要的工作，其中，農地造林被認爲是增加陸域環境碳吸存的重要方式之一。本研究以南投縣中寮鄉的檳榔園轉作爲例子，調查經921地震後檳榔轉作的造林地及鄰近三十年長期廢耕次生林，比較在不同土地利用下，其生態系統碳儲存量與持續經營檳榔園間的差異。調查的生態系統碳儲存量爲不同碳庫部位碳量的總和，包括林木碳量、林下植被碳量、死有機物質碳量以及土壤有機碳量等碳庫。研究結果顯示三種造林地（大葉桃花心木、台灣櫸與光臘樹），除台灣櫸造林地外，大葉桃花心木與光臘樹造林地均能有效的於七年間增加生態系統碳儲存量，而達到與持續經營檳榔園相同碳量(81.3 ton C ha^(-1))。三十年長期廢耕次生林則明顯的較持續經營檳榔園有較高的生態系統碳儲存量，增加量約爲20.8 ton C ha^(-1)碳量，且植生與非植生碳量（死有機物質碳量與土壤有機碳量）均增加。這些結果顯示台灣低海拔山坡地造林，確實有碳吸存的潛能。因此檳榔園的廢園、轉作造林，將是台灣具有碳吸存潛力的土地之一，且檳榔園轉作並不會如其它農地造林般的影響到現有糧食生產。

關鍵字

檳榔 ； 造林 ； 碳吸存 ； 生態系統碳儲存量 ； 碳庫

並列摘要

With the concerns about global warming and climate change, vast tasks for mitigating the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide are implemented. Afforestation and reforestation in the farmland have been recognized as a viable option to enhance carbon © sequestration in the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we compared ecosystem C stocks among betel nut palm farmland, afforestation of betel nut palm farmland after the 921 earthquake, and a secondary forest which was abandoned for 30 years in Chungliao, Nantou, to estimate the changes in ecosystem C stocks through land use conversion. Ecosystem C stocks were calculated from the sum of C pools in (i) overstory trees biomass, (ii) understory biomass, (iii) dead organic matter (woody debris and litter), and (iv) soil organic carbon at the depth of 0-20 cm. Ecosystem C stocks in the betel nut palm farmland were 81.3 ton C ha^(-1), and the equal amount of C could be approached by 7 years reforestation in Honduras mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and Formosan ash (Fraxinus formosana) plantations, but not in Taiwan zelkova (Zelkova serrate) plantation. The long-term abandoned secondary forest stored 20.8 ton C ha^(-1) more C than that in the betel nut palm farmland from both living and non-living C pools. The increments of ecosystem C stocks through reforestation and abandonment indicated the potential for C sequestration in the low elevation hillside in Taiwan. We conclude that reforestation in betel nut palm farmlands can be one of the practical lands for C sink and would be more feasible than afforestation/reforestation in crop lands since this practice would not jeopardize present food security.

並列關鍵字

Betel nut palm ； Reforestation ； Carbon sequestration ； Ecosystem carbon stocks ； Carbon pools