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School-based "Shokuiku" Program in Japan: Application to Nutrition Education in Asian Countries

日本以學校為基礎的“飲食營養教育”系統:於亞洲國家營養教育的應用

摘要


這篇文章提供日本“飲食營養教育(Shokuiku)”的綜述,並討論未來這些觀點在其他亞洲國家營養教育的應用。在日本,中年人的肥胖及代謝症候群的增加已越來越受關注。此外,兒童肥胖也變成一個重要的健康問題。這些肥胖族群的增加可能與不當的飲食習慣有關(例如不吃早餐、脂肪攝取過多及蔬菜攝取不足)。在這個情況下,“飲食營養教育基本法”在2005年被制定,這是第一個為個人飲食及飲食習慣訂定的法案。為了更有效的執行飲食營養教育計畫,地方政府發照的營養師以及厚生労働省發照的營養師在各種場合扮演重要的角色。日本的營養師系統及學校午餐計畫有久遠的歷史。此後,為了更進一步加強以學校為基礎的飲食營養教育計畫,在2007年4月設立“飲食與營養教師”系統。從國際的觀點來看,營養教育系統的目的為改善飲食習慣以確保適當的能量及營養素攝取,進而降低肥胖及生活型態相關的疾病,有鑑於此,“飲食營養教育”的觀點有很廣的應用。飲食營養教育的努力,透過以學校為基礎的系統,擴大支持日本飲食文化;並透過提供適當飲食的資訊去改善食物環境。這些作法的觀點可以引入其他亞洲國家的營養教育,不僅助於改善個人健康與營養狀況,也可穩固每個國家的食物文化及食物安全。

並列摘要


This paper provides the overview of ”Shokuiku” in Japan, and discusses the future perspective on application of its concepts to nutrition education in other Asian countries. In Japan, there has been a growing concern on increase of obesity and the metabolic syndrome among middle-aged men. Additionally, child obesity has also become one of the important health problems. The increased obesity among them is possibly associated with inappropriate dietary habits (eg skipping breakfast, excessive fat intake and insufficient vegetable). Under this circumstance, the ”Basic Law on Shokuiku” was enacted in 2005, which was the first law that regulates one's diets and eating habits. For effective implementation of Shokuiku program, dietitians and registered dietitians would play important roles in various settings. Japan has a long history of dietitian system as well as school-lunch programs. Later, in order to further enhance the school-based Shokuiku programs, the Diet and Nutrition Teacher System was established in April 2007. From an international point of view, ”nutrition education” programs aim to improve dietary practices so as to ensure adequate energy or nutrient intake and also to reduce obesity and lifestyle- related diseases, whereas the concepts of Shokuiku have very wide approaches. Shokuiku's efforts expand to support food culture, especially through school-based programs, as well as to improve food environment by providing information on appropriate diets. These approaches can be introduced in nutrition education in other Asian countries, not only to improve one's health and nutritional status but also to secure food culture and food safety in each country.

被引用紀錄


Ekuni, D., Tomofuji, T., Mizutani, S., Furuta, M., Irie, K., Azuma, T., Kojima, A., Iwasaki, Y., & Morita, M. (2013). Dental Caries Is Correlated with Knowledge of Comprehensive Food Education in Japanese University Students. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 22(2), 312-318. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2013.22.2.13
陳麗雪(2012)。國小學童早餐攝取與學業成就、短期記憶之關係〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-1511201214173186
鄭琇君(2014)。學校護理人員對食品安全知識、態度與推廣營養教育意願之相關研究〔碩士論文,朝陽科技大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=U0078-2611201410182538

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