2009年8月莫拉克颱風侵襲臺灣,造成中南部山崩、土石流及淹水等嚴重災情,不少原住民部落遭致嚴重損害。政府有別於過去的災後重建作法,首度將「強制遷居、遷村」納為法律條文,甚至成為稍後莫拉克風災重建政策的主軸。為緩和外界對於遷村條款強制手段的疑慮,經政黨協商後,特以「經與原住居者諮商取得共識」程序作為劃定特定區域的前提,並明確後續安置應該「尊重該地區人民、社區(部落)組織、文化及生活方式」,試圖減輕強制遷居與遷村對社區可能造成的傷害。本研究將遷村條款的執行過程分成三個階段:評估階段、諮商階段、安置階段,藉由分析相關文獻與檔案資料,及訪談重建關鍵人士,就莫拉克災後異地重建政策的執行實況進行探討。莫拉克風災過後,在政府追求重建速度與國土保育的雙重壓力下,重建過程爭議不斷,受災社區與民眾的參與和自主也成為重建過程中倍受關注的議題。面對災後的家園重建,受災地區的原住民部落與居民能有多少參與和自主的空間,以決定自己與部落的未來?本研究從異地重建的各個階段:原居住地安全勘查、原居地安全性認定與遷居、遷村安置方式的諮商過程、永久屋的申請、興建與分配入住等,一一深入探討。
In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot hit Taiwan and caused severe disasters in Mid-Southern Taiwan, such as landslips, landslides, and flooding. Many aboriginal tribes were severely affected. In fear that disaster would strike again, the post-disaster relocation program was enacted. The government enacted ”Forced Resettlement or Village Relocation,” which became a pivotal point of post-disaster reconstruction policy. To allay public doubts on the compulsory village relocation policy, the procedure of ”Reaching Agreement by Consulting with the Original Tenants” was set as a requirement for ”Defining Special Areas.” The process of forced village relocation was divided into 3 phases: assessment, consultation, and settlement. This paper analyzes the present reconstruction and future post-disaster countermeasures by examining research, local reports, and documentation, interviewing the key figures of reconstruction, comparing official statements, and introducing and discussing the phases of post-disaster village relocation. The time pressure for recovery after Typhoon Morakot resulted in significant controversy during the reconstruction process. The participation and autonomy of the affected people is an important issue. This paper examines the recovery phases, including land security evaluations, negotiations for relocation, applications, and distributions of permanent housing, to explore the participation and autonomy of affected communities during the rebuilding process.