研究顯示長期照護機構中使用管灌餵食住民,容易因管灌餵食 量不足、多重藥物使用及長期使用管灌餵食引起的腸胃等相關副作用等因素引起營養不良,因而增加感染、再住院率及死亡率。本研究主要探討藉由管灌餵食含大豆蛋白、乳清蛋白之管灌配方對長期照護機構住民營養改善之成效。本研究納入使用管灌餵食至少有六個月以上的受試者共31位,年齡43~94歲。研究介入期為8週,在營養配方介入前、後(第0週、第8週)評估血液生化值、尿液、體位測量、臨床症狀及餵食狀況,於介入期受試者每天依熱量需求,灌食5餐營養配方。介入營養配方8週後,受試者體重、身體質量指數有極顯著增加(p<0.01),而皮下脂肪厚度(TSF)、中臂圍(MAC)、中臂肌圍(MAMC)、小腿圍(CC)則沒有顯著影響。在生化分析方面,管灌餵食8週營養配方後,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、血磷有顯著增加(p<0.05),三酸甘油酯、鈣、鐵、鈉、鉀、尿酸沒有顯著影響,然而血漿總膽固醇有顯著下降(p<0.01)。除此之外,由餵食記錄的結果得知、管灌餵食8週營養配方後,受試者的實際熱量攝取、碳水化合物及蛋白質的攝取有顯著增加(p<0.01)。在臨床生理症狀方面,腹脹及消化狀況有改善,但其改善成效未達統計差異,在便秘及腹瀉方面則沒有影響。綜合上述結果,餵食含大豆蛋白及乳清蛋白之管灌配方,可以改善長期照護機構住民營養狀況,並有效降低血中膽固醇含量。
Studies show that nursing home residents accepting long term tube feeding could easily cause gastrointestinal problems because of insufficient supplementation. The main objective of this study were to understand the effect of tube feeding formula containing soy protein and whey protein on the improvement of nutritional status of nursing home residents. 31 subjects (43~94 years old)at least six momths of tube feeding history were included in this study. The experimental period were 8 weeks. Biochemical analyses, physiological symptoms and dietary condition were measured before and after 8 weeks of intervention of tube feeding. Results showed that very significant difference was found in anthropometric measurements, including body weight and BMI (p<0.01), but no significant difference was found in TSF, MAC, MAMC, CC. The nutritional status of serum albumin, prealbumin and phosphorus were significantly increased (p<0.05). Serum TG, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium and uric acid were showed no difference, but serum cholesterol was significantly decreased. Dietary record showed that the daily energy intake, and the intake of carbohydrate and protein were significantly increased after the intervention(p<0.01). Distention, poor digestion, constipation and diarrhea were no well improved. In conclusion, the intervention of this tube feeding formula could greatly improve the nutritional status and decrease the blood cholesterol.