- 期刊
工作現場人因工程改善建議方案－以食品配料作業為例
The Proposed Case of Ergonomical Intervention in Workplace-Case for Ingredients Weighing
摘要
職業性肌肉骨骼傷病（Work-Related musculoskeletal disorders, WMSDs）在國際間已成為最常見的職業疾病，並花用最多的醫療及產業資源。肌肉骨骼傷病之產生，已知與工作場所人因工程設計之不良有高度相關性，學界普遍認為因工作所引起的肌肉骨骼傷害有5個主要成因：過度施力、高重複動作、振動、低溫、以及不良的工作姿勢。這五個成因之中只有不良的工作姿勢比較容易改善，而其餘的四個成因則難以輕易改變。工作姿勢不良，容易造成頸、肩、腰、腕等關節部位的痠痛、疲勞以及疾病。要消除這些痠痛、疲勞、疾病，可以採行人因工程的技術來改善工作場所設施及環境，讓勞工得以採行最自然而且省力的機能工作姿勢。本文利用人因工程改善技術改善工作現場姿勢不良的問題，並以（KIM, Key Indicators Method）人工物料處理檢核表加以驗證改善效益，研究結果顯示改善案例的風險值有明顯的下降，食品配料裝作業風險等級由3級降為2級，降低了人員肌肉骨骼傷害的風險。因KIM人工物料處理檢核表為明確、易用的檢核表，可以適用於大多數的抬舉或放置、握持、運送、以及推拉等作業，其使用上較為精簡，僅有三個步驟，非常適合現場快速診斷評估。
並列摘要
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) have become the most common occupational diseases in the international workplace today. Among all occupational diseases, expenses are highest for WMSDs. It is known that poor ergonomic design in the workplace is an important cause of WMSDs, but studies of ergonomic factors in WMSDs in the workplace have been relatively scarce. It is generally agreed that the risk factors of WMSDs are over-exertion, high repetition, prolonged exposure, cold and vibration, and awkward posture. Among these five factors, four of them are not easy to alter except awkward posture. This posture may bring aches to the neck, shoulder, waist, wrist and other joints, or lead to tiredness and illness. To eliminate these aches, tiredness and illness, we can use ergonomics techniques to improve the installations and conditions in workplace so that laborers can work in a most natural and effortless posture. This study uses the techniques of ergonomical intervention to improve the bad posture in workplace and depending on Key Indicators Method (KIM) to check the benefit before and after the intervention. The risk of ingredients weighing is by level 3 become level 2. In general, The risk of case is significantly improved and eliminate the WMDS in workplace. KIM is a specific checklist and could be easily used in most operation such as lifting, holding, transporting and pushing-pulling etc. The estimation of KIM can be very brief, so it is appropriate to diagnose workplace in a short time.