果園轉行有機農法之策略與栽培管理措施－以臺東農改場賓朗果園為例

The Strategies and Cultivation Management Measures of Changing a Conventional Orchard to Organic Farming Practices - Taking Binlang Orchard, Taitung District Agricultural Research and Extension Station as an Example

陳奕君(Yi-Chun Chen)

《臺中區農業改良場特刊》 135號 (2018/09) Pp. 17-35

摘要

有機農法成功之關鍵在於有機栽培環境的建構與營造，最重要的是恢復或維持土地及自然生態環境的平衡與穩定，基本策略與作法為，（1）地被植物的養成、（2）採取低干擾的栽培管理方式、（3）隔離緩衝帶的建立、（4）果樹種類多樣化，可使果園生態平衡與生物多樣性得到維持、增進或修補，成為一個完整的生態系。慣行農法果園在有機轉型期間，生物多樣性的恢復與增進是成功的關鍵因素，主要栽培管理措施如下，（1）地被植物的管理、（2）土地的淨化與地力恢復、（3）刺激或提高樹體自體免疫能力、（4）病蟲害防治與植物保護措施、（5）綜合管理技術的運用。成功轉型為有機果園後，生態逐漸豐富而多樣，自然完整的生態系慢慢建構成形，栽培環境的平衡與穩定度提高，果園病蟲害明顯減少，植株生長發育正常且健壯，果實產量與品質亦將漸趨穩定。有機轉型成功後管理原則如下，（1）資材方面採取「低投入」管理原則、（2）栽培管理方面採取「精準」管理原則、（3）勞力方面採取「省工」的管理原則。

關鍵字

果樹有機栽培 ； 生態系 ； 生物多樣性 ； 地被植物 ； 天敵 ； 指標物種 ； 蜘蛛

並列摘要

The key to successful organic farming is how the growing environment is set up. The most important thing is to recover and maintain ecological balance and stability. Basic strategies and principles are as follows: 1) nurture ground cover, 2) use low-invasive techniques, 3) create buffer zones, and 4) grow a diversity of fruit tree species/varieties. In this way, ecological balance and biological diversity will be preserved, increased, and repaired, making the orchard into a complete ecosystem. When transforming a conventional orchard into an organic orchard, the recovery and increase of biodiversity is crucial to success. Main cultivation management measures include: 1) management of ground cover, 2) cleansing of soil and recovery of soil fertility, 3) stimulation and boost of immunity, 4) pest/disease control and plant protection measures, and 5) application of integrated management techniques. Once the orchard has completed transformation, the local ecology will gradually increase and diversify, allowing a natural, complete ecosystem to form over time. With increased ecological balance and stability, disease/pest damage will significantly decrease, trees will grow normally and will be robust, and fruit yield and quality will gradually stabilize. Management principles after the successful transformation of a conventional orchard into an organic orchard include: 1) minimal use of materials and equipment, 2) precision management, and 3) labor-saving methods.

並列關鍵字

Organic fruit tree cultivation ； Ecosystem ； Biodiversity ； Ground cover ； Natural enemy ； Indicator species ； Spider