育苗箱藥劑處理對水稻害蟲之防治效果及其對捕食性天敵之影響評估

Evaluation on the Nursery Box Insecticidal Treatment for Control of Early-season Insect Pests of Rice and Its Effect on Predatory Natural Enemies

黃守宏(Shou-Horng Huang) ； 鄭清煥(Ching-Huan Cheng) ； 程永雄(Yung-Hsiung Cheng)

《台灣農業研究》 54卷1期 (2005/03) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2005.05401.01

摘要

本試驗選擇0.3%芬普尼(fipronil)粒劑120g/box、3%加保扶(carbofuran)粒劑50g/box及2%益達胺(imidacloprid)粒劑50g/box等三種藥劑，以育苗箱藥劑處理方式處理，評估其對害蟲族群之抑制效果，以及其對捕食性天敵的影響。結果顯示益達胺及芬普尼對二化螟蟲為害及飛蝨類族群之抑制效果甚佳，益達胺對葉蟬抑制效果尤為明顯；而芬普尼對瘤野螟之防治效果較佳，其藥效約可維持40-50天左右；加保扶育苗箱處理對上述害蟲僅具短暫效果，防治效率亦顯較上述兩種藥劑為差。比較育苗箱藥劑處理與藥劑撒佈處理對害蟲防治之效果，顯示以育苗箱藥劑處理之防治效果較為經濟、有效。三種藥劑及處理方式對捕食性天敵之影響均不明顯。本試驗結果，育苗箱藥劑處理僅具防治水稻生育早期害蟲之效果，對於水稻抽穗後之害蟲，應於水稻孕穗中、後期留意其發生狀況，需要時應加施用一次藥劑，以預防害蟲的可能危害。

關鍵字

育苗箱藥劑處理 ； 水稻害蟲 ； 捕食性天敵

並列摘要

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of insecticides such as fipronil, imidacloprid and carbofuran used in nursery-box treatment on control of early season insect pests of rice in paddy field as well as their adverse effect on predatory natural enemies. The experiment conducted from 2002 to 2003 showed that 2% imidacloprid G. at rate of 50g/box was effective for control of rice planthoppers and rice stem borer for about 17 and 9 weeks in the first and second cropping season, while the treatment was poor for control of rice leaffolder. On the other hand, 0.3% fipronil G. at rate of 120 g/box was effective for control of rice planthopper, rice leaffolder and stem borer for 17 weeks in the first cropping season and 7 to 9 weeks in the second cropping season, but it was poor for controlling rice leafhoppers. 3% carbofuran G. at rate of 50 g/box lasted about 10 and 4 to 5 weeks for controlling the rice plant-leafhoppers, stem borer and rice leaffolder in the first and second cropping season, respectively. The efficiency of fipronil G. and carbofuran G. used in nursery box treatment lasted longer efficiency for control of rice insect pests then that of conventional application. Based on the appearing period and the population density of predatory natural enemies in the treated plots, it shows that the tested chemicals used in nursery box treatment did not have distinctly adverse effect to the predatory natural enemies. From present study, it is clear that the nursery box insecticidal treatment was not only effective for control of early-season insect pests but also could lower the pests to infest the crop in the mid- and late stage when a proper insecticide is used. However, it also shows that the nursery box insecticidal treatment alone is not adequate to protect the crop through a cropping season with especially in the second cropping season. One more applications from mid- to late booting stage of rice have to consider when it is needed.

並列關鍵字

Nursery box insecticidal treatment ； Rice insect pest ； Predatory natural enemy