蝴蝶蘭貯運前藥劑處理對黃葉病發生之影響

Effect of Chemical Treatment on Prevention of Fusarium Yellow of Phalaenopsis Seedlings under Simulated Conditions of Shipment

廖國均(Guo-Jun Liao) ； 謝廷芳(Ting-Fang Hsieh) ； 陳宏榮(Hong-Rong Chen)

《台灣農業研究》 61卷2期 (2012/06) Pp. 124-131

https://doi.org/10.6156/JTAR/2012.06102.05

摘要

由Fusarium solani所引起的蝴蝶蘭黃葉病為台灣蝴蝶蘭海運外銷貯運耗損的主要原因之一。本研究以大白花（Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3'）做為供試材料，測試於模擬貯運前處理撲克拉錳與幾丁聚糖對黃葉病發生之影響。試驗分為製造傷口及無傷口二組接種黃葉病菌，接種後以紙箱包裝，並靜置於18℃黑暗冷藏庫中20與26天，觀察病害發生情形。試驗結果顯示，第一次試驗模擬貯運20天後，噴施撲克拉錳（prochlorate manganese）與幾丁聚糖（chitosan）後再行傷口接種病原菌之處理均可有效降低黃葉病的罹病度（disease severity），模擬貯運26天後撲克拉錳仍具抑病效果；而未行傷口接種組之處理間罹病度無差異。第二次及第三次試驗結果顯示，噴施撲克拉錳及幾丁聚糖後再接種病原菌之處理均無法有效降低模擬貯運後蝴蝶蘭黃葉病的罹病度。綜合二年三次試驗結果顯示，於貯運前只噴施一次撲克拉錳藥劑或幾丁聚糖並無法穩定且顯著地抑制蝴蝶蘭黃葉病的發生，有待進一步篩選其他更有效的藥劑或施用方法。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭 ； 模擬貯運 ； 黃葉病 ； 撲克拉錳 ； 幾丁聚糖

並列摘要

Fusarium yellow, caused by Fusarium solani, is a serious disease of Phalaenopsis spp. in shipment and it is one of the major factors affecting the export market of this flower crop in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to determine effect of chemical treatment on prevention of Fusarium yellow of Phalaenopsis seedlings under simulated conditions in shipment, using white-flower Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian 'V3'. Seedlings (18-month-old) were treated with 50% prochlorate manganese WP or 1% chitosan for 3 days and then inoculated with spore suspension (10^5 spore/mL) of F. solani with or without wounding of orchid plants. The wounding treatment was done by puncturing the leaf sheath of each orchid plant using a bundle of 5 needles. For the treatment of control, seedlings were treated with sterile water and inoculated with F. solani, with or without wounding. All the plants, treated or untreated control, were incubated in a growth chamber without lighting at 18°C for 20 and 26 days and they were rated for disease severity, using a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = no symptom on leaf and 4 = leaf yellowing). Results of the first experiment showed that treatment of wounded plants with prochlorate manganese or chitosan for 20 or 26 days significantly (P ＜ 0.05) reduced severity of Fusarium yellow of Phalaenopsis. However, the result of this experiment was not repeatable in the two subsequent experiments. The inconsistency of these experiments indicates that spraying Phalaenopsis plants with prochlorate manganese or chitosan once is inadequate for protection of plants from developing Fusarium yellow during the period of shipment for 20 or 26 days.

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis ； Simulated shipment conditions ； Fusarium solani ； Prochlorate manganese ； Chitosan