添加特定光譜照明處理對蝴蝶蘭(Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’) 組培幼苗生長與發育之影響

Effects of Supplementary Light Treatments on Growth and Development of Moth Orchid (Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’) Tissue Culture Seedlings

平珍嫣(Apinya Salakaew)

指導教授 ： 謝清祥

國立屏東科技大學/農學院/熱帶農業暨國際合作系所/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6346/NPUST.2012.00187

摘要

蘭花已經成為美國第二大重要的盆花植物，2003年的批發銷售額超過1.2億美元。蝴蝶蘭是世界上最重要的切花和盆栽的觀賞植物之ㄧ，尤其在德國、日本、荷蘭、台灣、泰國、美國皆有大量生產。為了日後的生長與開花，在荷蘭、台灣和泰國藉由組織培養大量組培幼苗，然後出口到其他國家(包括美國)。光是影響作物生長最重要的因子之ㄧ，本論文研究目的是了解蝴蝶蘭組培幼苗生長在不同光質下其生長與色素的生理反應，並在各個階段的蝴蝶蘭幼苗觀察二氧化碳日韻律的影響。幼苗分成三個階段(I、II和III) 測試。蝴蝶蘭實生瓶苗在七種不同光質下測試，包括白光T8、白光T5、 T5+ 610 nm紅光、T5+658 nm紅光、T5+440 nm藍光、T5+紅光610 nm+藍光440 nm和T5+658 nm紅光+440 nm藍光。從第I階段結果顯示，二氧化碳日韻律濃度在1500-1800 ppm之間。當幼苗成長時，日韻律中二氧化碳濃度減少，直到變成第III階段(CAM植物)為止。第III階段的二氧化碳日韻律濃度下降直到400-800 ppm，睌上的二氧化碳日韻律較低 (夜間二氧化碳固定) 。在不同光線處理下幼苗的生長時期改變有顯著差異。6-9個月之後，第I階段的幼苗轉換成第III階段但取決於不同光處理。6個月後，外加440nm藍光處理之幼苗生長緩慢。第I階段實驗結果顯示在生長特性方面，各處理間的根數、平均葉面積及葉綠素a、葉綠素b、總葉綠素和類胡蘿蔔素含量均有顯著差異。在T5+658 nm紅光處理下幼苗表現出根數和平均葉面積顯著較高，其鮮重、乾重、平均根長和花青素含量亦較高但並不顯著。T8處理則顯示出有顯著較高的類胡蘿蔔素、葉綠素a、葉綠素b和總葉綠素含量。T5+610 nm紅光+440 nm藍光處理顯示：葉綠素b和總葉綠素含量連同澱粉含量有顯著較高的反應。然而，T5+440 nm藍光處理亦顯示較高的葉綠素b和總葉綠素含量。第II階段結果顯示在各處理間的葉數、株高、根數、平均葉面積、根鮮重、總鮮重(根、莖和葉)、葉綠素a、b和總葉綠素、類胡蘿蔔素與植體氮含量皆有顯著差異。在T5+440 nm藍光處理下幼苗表現出葉數、葉綠素a、總葉綠素和類胡蘿蔔素含量較高的反應，但葉面積較小。經T5+610 nm紅光+440 nm藍光處理的幼苗顯示出葉綠素a、葉綠素b、總葉綠素和類胡蘿蔔素含量較高，但總葉面積最小。然而，莖葉鮮重與乾重、根莖乾重和根乾重在T5+658 nm紅光處理下顯示較多。在第III階段方面，T5+440 nm藍光處理對照其他處理，發現其葉綠素a、葉綠素b、總葉綠素和類胡蘿蔔素含量具顯著差異。澱粉含量與株高在T8處理下顯著較高。這些研究的第I階段顯示幼苗在T5+658 nm紅光處理下的生長反應普遍較佳。第II階段顯示幼苗對T5+610 nm紅光+440 nm藍光和T5+440 nm藍光處理反應多。第III階段則顯示T5+440 nm藍光處理後的生長反應較佳。然而，在色素含量方面從第I階段以T8處理較佳，第II階段以T5+610 nm紅光+440 nm藍光處理較佳，第III階段以T5 +440 nm藍光處理較好。所以，這些研究發現在不同光環境下"Sogo Yukidian V3"蝴蝶蘭其不同階段的生長與生理反應皆不一樣。同時，在不同組陪幼苗期添加特定光譜之策略應不同以促進商業上蝴蝶蘭組培苗之生長。

關鍵字

蝴蝶蘭幼苗 ； 光質 ； 生長 ； 生理反應

並列摘要

Orchids have become the second most valuable flowering potted crop in the United States, with wholesale sales in 2003 reported at more than $120 million. Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important ornamental crop as cut flower and potted plants in the world. The production has been notably in Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Taiwan, Thailand, and the United States. Many young plants are propagated by tissue culture in the Netherlands, Taiwan and Thailand, and then exported to other countries (including the United States) for subsequent growth and flowering. The light is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth. The objectives of this study were to explore the growth of Phalaenopsis under different light qualities, to investigate the physiological responses of pigments and to observe the effects of CO2 rhythm on various stages of Phalaenopsis seedlings. The seedling were clearly indentified into three stages (I,II and III) by their perspective CO2 rhythms. Flask seedling of Phalaenopsis was examined under seven different light qualities; White T8, White T5, T5+Red (610 nm), T5+Red (658 nm), T5+Blue (440 nm), T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm), and T5+Red (658 nm) +Blue (440 nm). The results showed that, from stage I the concentration of CO2 rhythm were between 1500-1800ppm. And when seedlings grew up, the CO2 rhythm were decreased until they become stage III (CAM plant). The CO2 rhythm of stage III was decreased to 400-800ppm with the CO2 rhythm lower in the night time (fix CO2 in the night time). The seedling under different light treatments showed different respond patterns: seedling stage I were changed to stage III after 6-9 month depend on various light treatments. And, seedling 6 month old under treatment supplemented with Blue (440nm) grew slower. The results from stage I showed that for growth characters there were significant differences among treatments on the number of root, average leaf area, chlorophyll a, b contents, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Seedlings under T5+Red (658 nm) treatment showed significant higher number of roots and average leaf area. Also, it showed higher fresh weight, dry weight, average root length and anthocyanin content but were not significant. T8 treatment showed significant higher carotenoid content, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. For chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were significant higher responses on T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) treatment together with starch content. However, T5+Blue (440 nm) showed significant higher chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. For stage II results showed that there were significant differences among treatments on number of leaf, plant height, root number, average leaf area, root fresh weight, total plant fresh weight (root stem and leaf), chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and nitrogen. Seedlings under White T5+Blue (440 nm) treatment showed higher respond on number of leaf, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoid but less leaf area. Seedlings under White T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) treatment showed significant higher chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid but smaller total leaf area. But, seedling under White T5+Red (658 nm) showed higher stem and leaf fresh weight, stem and leaf dry weight, stem and root dry weight and root dry weight. For stage III, significant differences were found on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid under White T5+Blue (440 nm) as compared with other treatments. For starch content and plant height significantly higher responses were found under White T8. These studies in stage I showed that seedlings cultured under T5+Red (658 nm) had generally better growth responses. Stage II showed more responses to T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) and T5+Blue (440 nm). Stage III showed better growth responds on White T5+Blue (440 nm). But, for pigment content responses from stage I: T8 was better; stage II: White T5+Red (610 nm) +Blue (440 nm) and stage III :T5 +Blue (440 nm). Thus in this study it showed that at different seedling stages the growth and physiological responses of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ under different light environments were different. And, different strategies of light supplement should be applied to enhance Phalaenopsis growth for commercial production.

並列關鍵字

Phalaenopsis seedling ； light qualities ； growth ； physiological responses

參考文獻

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