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稻作淺水環境下水中巴拉刈之消退及殘留活性

Decline and Residual Activity of Paraquat in Shallow Water of Paddy Environment

摘要


本研究主要探討巴拉刈施用於田間淹水狀況下,田面整地對田水中巴拉刈殘留量之影響;並以葉圓片浸液電導值變化,做為巴拉刈毒性測試之生物分析方法,同時比較以化學方法檢測之田水中巴拉刈殘留量與其生物活性間的相關關係。施用巴拉刈水溶液於裝有田土之栽植盆內約4㎝深,施用後保持水面澄清及攪拌呈混濁之兩種處理,以模擬田間湛水下不同程度翻動表土情形,對田水中巴拉刈消退之影響。澄清處理之盆缽中,25ppm巴拉刈藥液在施用後24小後,大部份被土壤粒子所完全吸附,但在施用50ppm時之最大吸附量則為其處理濃度的80%;至於混拌處理下,不論是25ppm或50ppm施用量,在施用15分鐘後所取水樣中之巴拉刈,均降為其施用量的1%以下。以巴拉刈水樣處理水稻、大豆及胡瓜三種作物之葉片,其葉圓片浸液電導值變化,均隨巴拉刈處理天數的增加而降低,且以大豆子葉之反應最為敏感,但三種測試作物對巴拉刈的反應卻頗為一致及穩定;同時以吸光度測定之田水中巴拉刈殘留量,與由葉片電解質滲漏所決定之生物活性,兩者間具有極高之相關關係。

並列摘要


Paraquat is a bipyridininum herbicide that readily soluble in water and strongly adsorbed by clay. It is widely used in Taiwan for non-selective weed control. We investigated the decline and bio-activity of paraquat in shallow water, 4 cm deep, under clear and muddy conditions of simulated paddy environment. Under clear condition, soluble paraquat reduced slowly over a 24-hours period. The amount detected was a function of initial concentration and sampling time; at 24hours after treatment. 3 and 17% of the original amount was detected for water with 25 and 50 ppm of initial concentration, respectively. Leaf discs exposed to water sample showed elevated level of electrolyte leakage that closely related with the soluble paraquat in the water. Under muddy condition, paraquat was non-detectbale in water regardless of treatment concentration and sampling time.

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