除草劑pyraflufen+glyphosate水懸劑對柑桔園雜草防除效果評估

Weed Control Efficiency by the Herbicide Mixture of pyraflufen+glyphosate in Citrus

黃阿賢(A-Shiarn Hwang) ； 張林仁(Lin-Ren Chang) ； 羅國偉(Kuo-Wei Lo) ； 蔣永正(Yeong-Jene Chiang)

《中華民國雜草學會會刊》 29卷2期 (2008/12) Pp. 95-107

https://doi.org/10.6274/WSSROC-2008-029(2)-095

摘要

本研究進行30.15%之pyraflufen-ethyl+glyphosate水懸劑在不同劑量處理下，與41%嘉磷塞(glyphosate)溶液，對柑桔園雜草防除效果之比較，同時評估在測試劑量與施用方法下，混合劑引起柑桔植株之藥害潛力，作為田間實際使用時之依據與參考。於嘉義市、石岡鄉及寶山鄉三處進行之試驗，試區內發生之一年生雜草，主要包括禾本科之馬唐及牛筋草，闊葉類之華九頭獅子草、野莧、白花藿香薊及大花咸豐草等。多年生雜草為禾本科之地毯草、茅草、鐵線草及竹節草，莎草科之香附子，闊葉類之長梗滿天星、竹仔菜及雷公根。調查施藥後15-20日之雜草植株顯示，pyraflufen-ethyl+glyphosate 混合劑之高、低劑量，對闊葉草類之傷害均高達95%左右，與對照之嘉磷塞作用相近。但低劑量處理對禾本科草及莎草科草之傷害作用較輕。施藥後35-40日之傷害率亦有一致之趨勢，但除禾本科草外，傷害率呈普遍降低現象，尤其是在闊葉草類，三種處理之傷害率均減少10%以上。測試混合藥劑對闊葉草類植株鮮重之影響，發現其較嘉磷塞單劑明顯。試區內發生之雜草總生物量，隨株數增加呈二次曲線上升，株數低於400株以下時，生物量無明顯增加，400-800株間生物量呈直線累積。比較採樣面積為50平方公分之各處理雜草單株重。低、高劑量之混合劑、嘉磷塞單劑及不除草區之單株平均重，禾本科草依序為1.9, 2.0, 1.2及2.5 g，闊葉草類為0.5, 0.5, 1.1及9.2 g，顯示藥劑處理區於噴施後35-40日田面發生之雜草多為陸續再生之雜草幼株。試驗期間之各試區測試藥劑，對柑桔植株之外觀及生育，均未發現有藥害現象發生。綜合藥效及藥害試驗結果，以30.15%之pyraflufen-ethyl+glyphosate 水懸劑6L h^(a-1)劑量噴施於柑桔園，對雜草之防除效果較低劑量(4L ha^(-1))及嘉磷塞單劑(5L ha^(-1))明顯為佳，且對柑桔植株之正常生育無影響。

關鍵字

pyraflufen+glyphosate水懸劑 ； 柑桔園雜草 ； 藥效 ； 藥害

並列摘要

Three experiments were conducted at Chiayi, Shihkang and Baoshan in 2008 to evaluate the weed control effect of new herbicide mixture of pyraflufen+glyphosate of 30.15% suspension concentrate (SC) by post-emergence application in citrus field. Spraying at 4 or 6L ha^(-1) pyraflufen+glyphosate (30.15% SC) showed an effective control of broad-leaved weeds up to 95%. But it did not show good control in Graminea and Cyperaceae weeds. Based on the regression analysis of weed plant number and fresh weight, the biomass per weed plant in pyraflufen+glyphosate (30.15% SC) treated plots was less than 90% of that of untreated plots in broad-leaved weeds. It did not appear any injury to citrus plants treated with pyraflufen+glyphosate in all experiments. The results from this study showed that pyraflufen+glyphosate could provide excellent broad-leaved weed control at a rate of 6L ha^(-1) with post-emergence application.

並列關鍵字

pyraflufen+glyphosate suspension concentrate SC ； citrus ； weed control ； crop injury