- 期刊
居家用水中消毒副產物鹵乙酸之暴露評估
Exposure Assessment for Haloacetic Acid in Household Water
摘要
本研究係針對台灣中南部地區16個鄉鎮市之住家，分別採集其自來水及飲用水，分析水體中消毒副產物(Disinfection by products, DBPs)鹵乙酸(Haloacetic Acids, HAAs)之含量，並評估居民暴露於鹵乙酸之健康風險。研究結果顯示中南部地區自來水中鹵乙酸之濃度介於3.12~15.9 μg/L，其組成以二氯乙酸(40.5%)及三氯乙酸(39.9%)為最主要之物種，其次為一氯乙酸(13.2%)。在暴露途徑之比較上，本研究發現鹵乙酸之食入暴露量約大於皮膚吸收量之150倍以上。在風險評估上，對無致癌性之一氯乙酸及三氯乙酸而言，其終身暴露量低於美國環保署之參考劑量，但對於具致癌性之二氯乙酸，其致癌風險則高於10^(-6)風險基準。
並列摘要
The tap water and drinking water in the household were taken from 16 cities and towns of central and southern Taiwan. The concentrations of disinfection by products for haloacetic acids (HAAs) in these samples were analyzed. The exposure concentrations of haloacetic acids were used to assess the health risk of the residents. The results revealed that the average concentrations of HAAs were between 3.12 and 15.9 μg/L in tap water. The dominant species of HAAs were dichloroacetic acid (DCAA, 40.5%) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA, 39.9%). The second species was monochloroacetic acid (MCAA, 13.2%). In comparing the exposure routes for HAAs, our results showed that the ingestion dose of HAAs was about 150 times that from dermal absorption. In risk assessment, the lifetime exposure doses for the non-carcinogenic compounds of MCAA and TCAA were lower than the USEPA reference doses. However, the lifetime cancer risk of DCAA was higher than the risk standard (10^(-6)).