文化傳承與江南情結－顧嗣立《元詩選》詩人小傳探析

本文以《元詩選》（〈初集〉、〈二集〉、〈三集〉）三百多篇詩人小傳為論述對象，並參考詩選批註，重構顧嗣立「元詩史」的敘述脈絡。本文先從詩人小傳看其三個重點文化現象，即元初南北詩人的文化活動、元好問在金元文化史和詩史上的價值及中後期大都詩人的梳理，顧氏省去蒙元朝政的黑暗面，具美化修飾的意圖，突出蒙元治下詩人乃漢文化傳承載體，並以江南詩人群體為中後期元詩史核心。本文把這三個現象放在清初文化背景中考察，揭示顧嗣立並非只由詩學角度論詩，即在多元民族詩人的編列中表現強烈的盛元江南地域意識，此江南意識乃顧氏以元人自擬的價值取向。以此為本，最後重讀顧氏《寒廳詩話》兩則元詩流變綜述，看他在多年閱讀與編纂元詩的經驗後，如何總結對元詩的理解以及這理解背後蘊含的文化意義，指出他經歷多次落第後，仍對康熙朝文治與江南文人群體生活充滿期盼。通過上述梳理，可以得見康熙朝眾多宣導個人詩學理念的選本裡，《元詩選》詩人小傳的寓托顯為特別，顧氏作為其時江南文人的主要一員，藉蒙元江南文人為參照點，建構自己在異族統治下的生活理想與堅持。

關鍵字

顧嗣立；元詩選；康熙；江南；大都

並列摘要

This article studies over 300 poet biographies and poetry commentaries in Gu Sili's 顧嗣立 Yuan shixuan (元詩選 Selected Poetry of the Yuan Dynasty) and examines how these works narrate the history of Yuan poetry. This article first discusses several aspects of Yuan shixuan, namely, the cultural activity of the poets from the north and the south in the early Yuan, the significance of the poet Yuan Haowen 元好問 in culture and poetry, and the Dadu poets 大都詩人 from the south during the mid and late Yuan. Gu deliberately omits the dark side of Yuan court politics from Yuan shixuan, in an attempt to embellish the image of the Yuan as a flourishing dynasty. He highlights the role of poets under Mongol rule as a medium of Han cultural continuity, and the central role in the history of Yuan poetry of the Dadu poets. This article then explores these three important aspects against the cultural background of the early Qing dynasty, revealing that Gu Sili does not only discuss the literary value of Yuan poetry, but also expresses a strong sense of Jiangnan reminiscence through the writing of Yuan poet biographies. This sense of Jiangnan reminiscence displays Gu's tendency to model himself on the Dadu poets of Yuan times. With the above findings in mind, in the last section this article re-reads two entries on the development of Yuan poetry from Gu's Hanting shihua 寒廳詩話, and explores Gu's claim that the Dadu poets were the unparalleled model of Yuan poetry. Despite failing to pass the metropolitan examinations in the Kangxi period, writing these Yuan poet biographies gave Gu Sili a tremendous sense of achievement in his time, and brought him encouragement and comfort.