耐燃合板製造及其耐燃效應（I）表面燃燒性

The Manufacturing of Fire-retardant Plywood and Its Fire Resistancy (I) Surface Flammability

林曉洪(Sheau-Horng Lin) ； 王秀華(Hsiu-Hwa Wang)

《林產工業》 19卷1期 (2000/03) Pp. 101-111

https://doi.org/10.6561/FPI.2000.19(1).10

摘要

以紅柳桉及放射松旋切單板為材料，經濃度10%十一種混合型藥劑浸漬後，利用氧氣指數試驗，評定各處理材之氧氣指數。選擇抑焰參數較佳之三種耐燃劑（D、G、I）與CNS Type C（C）作為製造10 mm厚耐燃合板之藥劑，藥劑濃度調製為10-20%，藉充細胞法加壓注入單板，以161.5-204.5 g/m^2布膠量之三聚氰胺－尿素甲醛樹脂（MUF）為膠合劑進行比較。以CNS-6532表面燃燒之耐燃3級為基準，評估未處理及處理合板之燃燒性與耐燃性改善效應。四種耐燃劑D、G、I、C處理紅柳桉單板之抑焰參數分別為0.98、0.98、0.95及0.94。處理過之放射松單板則為1.21、1.18、1.30及0.94。表面燃燒試驗後，以183.0 g/m^2布膠量者為例，處理合板之耐燃性改善效應：著火性：0.34-2.79 sec (kg/m^3)^(-1)；發熱量：3.87-8.75℃．min (kg/m^3)^(-1)；發煙量：1.45-2.08 (kg/m^3)^(-1)；餘焰時間：2.40-3.93 sec (kg/m^3)^(-1)而重量損失率之改善為0.23-0.39% (kg/m^3)^(-1)。四種耐燃劑中G和I對試材之耐燃性改善效應遠優於C，而D則不如C者；耐燃劑之吸收量分別與著火性及餘焰時間呈一次直線迴歸正相關及負相關。通過耐燃3級時，G和I之藥劑最小推估吸收量較C者少15.1%，就經濟考量及耐燃效應改善而言，G及I明顯較CNS Type C為佳。

關鍵字

氧氣指數 ； 抑焰參數 ； 耐燃劑 ； 合板 ； 表面燃燒試驗

並列摘要

Red lauan and radiata pine veneers were used as raw materials, soaked with eleven chemical mixtures, at 10% concentration to screen out potential fire retardants by oxygen index (OI) method. Three screened mixtures (designated as D, G, and I) of higher OI, together with CNS Type C (designated as C) were impregnated into veneers to produce 10mm thick fire-retardant plywood. The spread amount of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives varied from 161.5 to 204.5 g/m^2 during manufacturing. A 3rd grade incombustibility national standard was used as a criterion to test the combustibility and fire-retardancy improvement of each treatment. The flame inhibition parameter for the selected D, G, I and C mixtures were 0.98, 0.98, 0.95, and 0.94 respectively for red lauan, and 1.21, 1.18, 1.30, and 0.94 respectively for radiate pine. These showed that D, G and I results were much encouraging than the recommended C as one of the national standards. The improvement in fire-retardant efficiency of the treated plywood on surface flammability for the three screened mixtures at 183.0 g/m^2 MUF spread amount were: 0.34-2.79 sec (kg/m^3)^(-1), 3.87-8.75°C．min (kg/m^3)^(-1), 1.45-2.08 (kg/m^3)^(-1), 2.40-3.93sec (kg/m^3)^(-1), and 0.23-0.39% (kg/m^3)^(-1), respectively when ignitability, heat re lease, smoke generation, afterflame time and weight loss percentage were considered. The application of G and I not only showed a better improving efficiency for the treated plywood in fire retardancy than current standard (C), their estimated least absorption amount required to meet the 3rd grade fire-retardant specification were also 15.1% less than that for C. Therefore the two screened fire retardants (G and I) formulated in this study are the best choice in terms of economics and fire-retardancy improvement.

並列關鍵字

Oxygen index ； Flame inhibition parameter ； Fire retardant ； Plywood ； Surface flammability test