海拔高度及林相對於地棲性螞蟻群聚組成差異之影響

Effects of Elevations and Vegetation Types on the Ground-Dwelling ant Community Structures

陳陽發(Young-Fa Chen) ； 許峰銓(Feng-Chuan Hsu) ； 林宗岐(Chung-Chi Lin)

《國立臺灣大學生物資源暨農學院實驗林研究報告》 34卷1期 (2020/03) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.6542/EFNTU.202003_34(1).0001

摘要

螞蟻提供許多生態功能，是陸域生態系中重要的生物之一，為了瞭解不同林相環境的地棲性螞蟻群聚結構，本研究於臺灣中部南投縣的臺大實驗林所轄之溪頭自然教育園區、鳳凰自然教育園區以及下坪自然教育園區選擇共6種林相的棲地環境，利用落葉袋採集法和掉落式陷阱兩種採集方法進行地棲性螞蟻之定量調查，每季調查一次，一次設置7天，持續進行為期一年之研究。本研究於2018年在溪頭自然教育園區、下坪自然教育園區以及鳳凰自然教育園區進行調查，共記錄到7亞科32屬70種螞蟻，包含4種已知的外來種。研究結果顯示，地棲性螞蟻的物種豐富度在天然林環境高於人工林環境，物種豐富度會隨著海拔增加顯著下降；即便位於相近的區域，但不同棲地類型中的螞蟻群聚結構相似性仍相當低。本研究揭示了保留豐富且多樣化的天然林相環境可提供原生種螞蟻更多的棲息空間，有助於維持健全的森林生態系功能運作。

關鍵字

蟻科 ； 森林 ； 掉落式陷阱 ； 落葉袋採集法 ； 物種組成

並列摘要

Ants provide many ecosystem functions and are one of the important creatures in terrestrial ecosystems. In order to know the community variations of ground-dwelling ant in different forest environments, we applied two sampling methods, Winkler bag method and pitfall traps, to collect ants in 6 vegetation types at 3 study areas (Xitou Natural Education Area, Fenghuang Natural Education Area, and Xiaping Natural Education Area) in Nantou, Taiwan. In this study, we collected a total of 70 ant species, which belonged to 32 genera and 7 subfamilies during February to October, 2018. Among them, there were 4 exotic ant species that had been on record. The ant species richness in natural forests was higher than artificial forests and significantly decreased with increasing elevation among three study areas. The results showed a low similarity of ant community structure among different vegetation types even at the same study area. Based on out study results, it highlights the importance of maintaining diverse vegetation types to sustain suitable habitats for endemic ant species, as well as to support the integrity of ecosystem functions in forest environments.

並列關鍵字

Formicidae ； forest ； pitfall traps ； Winkler bag method ； species composition