蘆筍不同果實熟度之種子稔實率及發芽力研究

Study on seed fertility and germination of different fruit maturity stages of asparagus

郭明池(Guo, M. C.) ； 謝明憲(M. H. Hsieh) ； 陳嘉雯(J. W. Chen)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 73期 (2019/06) Pp. 22-31

摘要

本研究目的為在不影響蘆筍種子發芽率前提下，尋求可提早採收種子之果實最適成熟度標準，以提升種子收穫量及品質。研究策略以現有蘆筍四個品種，白蘆筍臺南選1號、臺南選2號、綠蘆筍臺南選3號及臺南4號為供試材料，將果實成熟度區分成綠熟、褐熟及紅熟三等級，調查果實採收後之種子稔實率、發芽率、平均發芽日數、發芽勢及發芽係數。結果顯示褐熟果及紅熟果階段採收之種子發芽率相近，多數品種平均發芽日數及發芽係數相似。將採收後種子置於室溫25℃貯藏180天，調查顯示褐熟果及紅熟果之種子發芽情形仍相似，部分品種綠熟果之種子則有發芽率降低之情形。藉由本研究證實蘆筍四品種於果實熟度呈褐色與紅色階段採收之種子發芽情形相近，可調整採收期提早於褐熟果階段，不僅有較充裕採收時間，且可避免紅熟期果實過熟導致落果偏高或遭逢降雨導致種子於果實內發芽，造成採種量及品質損失之情形。現有技術：目前蘆筍種子生產適合採收標準以達紅熟果階段為主，常面臨部分果實過熟導致落果率偏高，且若遭逢降雨常導致種子在果實內發芽問題，不僅損失採種量也降低種子品質。創新內容：蘆筍種子生產之採收成熟度判斷僅區分為綠熟果及紅熟果二個等級，本研究係在原有二等級之間，再劃分出褐熟果等級，此一成熟度果實不僅落果率低且少受降雨影響其種子品質。對產業影響：果實熟度呈褐熟與紅熟階段採收之種子發芽率相近，多數品種平均發芽日數及發芽係數相似，提早於褐熟果階段採收種子，有利於避免減損種子產量及品質。

關鍵字

蘆筍 ； 種子 ； 果實成熟度 ； 稔實度 ； 發芽率 ； 平均發芽日數 ； 發芽係數

並列摘要

To improve seed yield and quality, the purpose of this study is to seek the optimum maturity classification of asparagus seeds for early harvesting without affecting the germination rate. The test strategy is to investigate fertility, germination rates, mean germination days, germination energy and germination coefficient of the four varieties of asparagus, i.e. white asparagus Tainan No.1 and Tainan No.2, green asparagus Tainan No.3 and Tainan No.4, and to divide the fruit maturity into three levels of ripeness (green, brown and red). The results showed that the germination rates, mean germination days and germination coefficient were similar in brown and red fruit seeds, and worst in green fruit seeds. In addition, after harvesting, the seeds were stored at 25°C for 180 days. The germination rates of the seeds of fruit and red fruit were similar, and they were significantly higher than green fruit seeds. It was confirmed by this study that the four varieties of asparagus had similar germination rates during the brown to red stages of fruit ripeness, and the harvesting period could be started in the brown fruit stage, which had not only the ample harvesting time, but also avoiding the pre-harvest sprouting in the red fruit stage and the quality loss caused by high fruit drop rate in rainy season. What is already known on this subject? At present, in the production of asparagus seeds, fruit is harvested mainly in the red fruit stage, but it is often faced with over-ripening of some fruits, resulting in high fruit drop rates. If the rain caused the seeds germinating in the fruits, loss of seed yield and quality were resulted. What are the new findings? Previous classifications of fruit maturity for asparagus seed production was only divided into two stages: green and red. This research proposes another brown stage of fruit ripeness between the green and red stages. This brown stage has not only a low fruit drop rate, but also less affected by rainfall. What is the expected impact on this field? Germination rates, mean germination days and germination coefficient of the fruit in the brown and red stages were similar. Harvesting seeds earlier in the brown fruit stage was beneficial to avoid the risk of fruit drop and low seed quality due to rainfall.

並列關鍵字

Asparagus ； Seed ； Fruit maturity stage ； Fertility ； Germination rate ； Mean germination days ； Germination coefficient