不同母莖高度及高溫期遮蔭對設施蘆筍生長及產量之影響

Effects of different mother stem heights and high temperature shading on growth and yield of asparagus in greenhouse

郭明池(Guo, M. C.) ； 謝明憲(M. H. Hsieh) ； 張為斌(W. B. Chang) ； 陳奕君(Y. J. Chen)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 76期 (2020/12) Pp. 57-65

摘要

設施蘆筍栽培因可有效防阻莖枯病危害，生產面積已逐年增加，然仍常見延用露天栽培之摘心模式，致摘心後母莖高度偏低，致分枝數及擬葉量偏少，降低光截取量影響光合作用效能。且過早或過低摘心會促使底層側枝再萌發，增加清除之作業。本研究進行設施綠蘆筍不同母莖高度之摘心處理，結果顯示母莖高度較高時摘心，第一分枝著生位置較高及底層側枝數量較少，且具有較高之總產量及合格品產量，可能與較高之擬葉量增加光截取量有關。為解決設施綠蘆筍高溫期母莖培育生長不良，於留母莖期擬葉未展開前進行遮蔭處理，結果顯示遮蔭處理之母莖高度較高、分枝較長、第一分枝著生位置較高。證實夏季高溫期遮蔭有促進母莖生長，具紓解高溫對母莖培育影響之效益。現有技術：慣行蘆筍母莖高度偏低的栽培方法在田間有利於防止風雨，但導致分枝和擬葉的數量減少，進而降低了光截取量並影響光合作用，結果影響了品質和產量。創新內容：本研究結果顯示提升摘心後母莖高度增加擬葉量，可提高品質及產量，並減少底層側枝之數量。另高溫期母莖培育進行遮蔭處理，可增進母莖之生長高度，紓解高溫對母莖培育之不良影響。對產業影響：增加母莖高度可有效提升產量及減少清除底層側枝之人力。於夏季進行遮蔭可紓解高溫對母莖培育之影響，提升設施栽培蘆筍收益。

關鍵字

蘆筍 ； 擬葉 ； 摘心 ； 母莖高度 ； 第一分枝 ； 遮蔭

並列摘要

Cultivation of asparagus in the greenhouses has been increasing recently because it can effectively reduce the occurrence of stem blight. Cultivation methods with low mother stalk height after topping generally decreased the number of branches. Less fern reduced light interception and photosynthesis. Topping too early or too low will promote the formation of lower branches and increase the removal work. In this study, we carried out the topping treatment of green asparagus with different mother stalk heights. The results showed that when the mother stalk height was higher, the first branch was located at a higher position, the number of lower lateral branches was less, and the total yield and the quantity of grade spears increased due to more and the increase of light interception. In order to improve the problem of growth of mother stalk during the high temperature period of green asparagus in greenhouses, shading treatment was carried out before leaf growth of the mother stalk. The results showed that the height of the mother stalk was higher, the branches were longer, and the first branch was located at a higher position. This research had proved that producing asparagus in greenhouses with shading treatment during the high temperature period is much better for the growth of mother stalk, and had the effect of alleviating the impact of high temperature on the cultivation of mother stalk cultivation. What is already known on this subject? The conventional cultivation method with a low mother stalk height of asparagus is beneficial in the field to protect the plants from injures of heavy rain and wind. However, it decreased the number of branches and leaves, light extraction and photosynthesis therefore, quality and yield of asparagus were decreased and reduced. What are the new findings? The results showed that increasing the height of the mother stalk after topping increased fern quantity. Quality and yield of asparagus can be improved. In addition, the number of lower lateral branches is less. Growing mother stalks during high temperature periods with shading can increase the height of the mother stalk and has the effect of alleviating the impact of high temperatures on the cultivation of mother stalk. What is the expected impact on this field? Increasing the height of the mother stalk can effectively increase the yield and reduce the labor to remove the lower branches. Providing shade in summer has the effect of alleviating the impact of high temperatures on the cultivation of mother stalk, increasing the income of asparagus cultivation in greenhouses.

並列關鍵字

Fern ； Topping ； Mother stalk height ； First branch ； Shading treatment