‘麻豆文旦’採收成熟度及貯藏條件對果實品質之影響

Effect of maturity and storage condition on the fruit quality of 'Matou Wentan' (Citrus grandis Osbeck)

周書立(Chou, S. L.) ； 張嵐雁(L. Y. Chang) ； 張汶肇(W. C. Chang)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 75期 (2020/06) Pp. 34-45

摘要

‘麻豆文旦’為中秋應景果品之一，果農主要以白露節氣為採收時間之依據，而中秋在西曆上並非固定日期，使白露與中秋之間有0至26天不等之間隔，造成柚農每年面臨不同的銷售時間壓力。本研究探討臺南地區‘麻豆文旦’果實於不同採收成熟度及貯藏條件下，對於果實採後品質之變化情形。研究結果顯示，不同採收成熟度果實之失重率、可溶性固形物隨貯藏時間逐漸上升；可滴定酸與果肉截切力則隨貯藏時間持續下降。不同採收成熟度果實因生理狀況差異而具不同耐貯性，可配合節氣來調整採收時期。另將‘麻豆文旦’果實透過不同溫度及包裝方式進行貯藏，貯藏期30天以上建議以15℃加上單果塑膠袋包裝處理，可有效減緩果實失重與延緩果實品質衰敗。而貯藏期30天以內則可利用25℃加果籃打孔塑膠內襯袋進行保鮮貯藏，有利於果實的失重及果肉軟化，且促進果皮轉色。現有技術：農民大多參考節氣「白露」與「中秋」相距日數決定其‘麻豆文旦’果實採收期，並習慣將果實置於通風或密閉常溫環境下，常造成果實每年採收期及貯藏後的果實品質不一。創新內容：評估‘麻豆文旦’不同採收期及貯藏條件對於其果實品質之影響，藉由不同採收成熟度及配合貯藏溫度環境15℃或25℃、或包裝維持果實品質並延緩老化及調節產銷壓力。對產業影響：改善‘麻豆文旦’採收時期及貯藏方式建立保鮮條件，延長果實風味及品質，降低農民販售壓力，協助產業之發展。

關鍵字

‘麻豆文旦’ ； 採收成熟度 ； 貯藏溫度

並列摘要

'Matou Wentan' is an essential fruit to celebrate Moon Festival for Taiwanese. However, Moon Festival is fixed on lunar but not on solar calendar. 'Matou Wentan' were harvested around White Dew no solar terms, and moon festival falls on the 15^(th) of August on lunar calendar. It can have 0 - 26 days of difference for different years. If they are too close to each other, the farmer have pressure to sale out their 'Matou Wentan' in a few days. This research investigated the fruit quality of different harvest maturities, storage temperatures and packaging methods in storage period. The results showed that the weight loss ratio and total soluble solids of the fruit gradually increased, the titratable acidity and flesh shear force gradually decrease in storage with different fruit maturities. The fruits harvested at different maturities showed various storability due to difference of physiological statuses; therefore, we suggest that farmers adjust the harvesting time of fruit to maintain the quality stability based on the Solar Terms arourd White Dew. In addition, the fruits are better to be stored at different temperatures and wrapped with different packaging methods. When the storage is more than 30 days, we recommended to pack the fruit with individual plastic fruit packaging and store at 15ºC, which could effectively retard the weight loss and delay the decline of fruit quality. If the fruit will be stored for less than 30 days, perforated plastic line bag packaging at 25ºC of storage temperature are recommended, to prevent fruit from weight loss and flesh softening, as well as facilitates the color change of the peel. What is already known on this subject? Most farmers rely on the time between 'White Dew' and 'Moon Festival' to determine the harvest time. Fruit was then stored in pile under a ventilation or closed environment which makes the fruit quality unstable. What are the new findings? We evaluated the effects of different harvest times on the quality of 'Matou Wentan' and further optimized storage temperature for long-term storage. Quality maintenance and deterioration delay of the fruits could be achieved via the recommended harvest maturity, storage temperature, and packaging technique derived from this research. What is the expected impact on this field? The results improved decision making for harvest maturity and storage condition of 'Matou Wentan'. Consequently, extension of shelf life, maintenance of fruit quality, and reduction of food loss in this product will help to increase the competitiveness of 'Matou Wentan'.

並列關鍵字

'Matou Wentan' ； Harvest maturity ； Storage temperature