大鳳蝶(Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer)的生活史

The Life History of Polymorph Swallowtail, Papilio memnon heronus Fruhstorfer

陳素瓊(Su-Chiung Chen) ； 歐陽盛芝(Sheng-Chih Ou-Yang)

《國立臺灣博物館學刊》 58卷1期 (2005/06) Pp. 47-57

摘要

本試驗在網室內採集大鳳蝶當日產卵，置於25 ± 1°C，80±5 %RH，14L : 10D之生長箱內單隻飼養，分別以酸桔( Citrus sunki) 葉片飼養其幼蟲至羽化為成蟲，每日觀察及記錄其生活史。得知卵孵化率為57 %，卵期平均為6.00 ± 0.06日，幼蟲期平均為22.66±0.30日，蛹期平均為15.90±0.26日，自卵至成蟲羽化所需時間平均為43.90±0.38日。大鳳蝶幼蟲頭殼寬度超過6.10 mm的閥值即進入化蛹階段，幼蟲頭殼寬度隨齡期增長以1.46倍呈等比例增加，符合戴爾法則。幼蟲期的頭殼寬度及體長皆依齡期增長而增加。食葉量亦隨著齡期增長而增加，以第五齡幼蟲的食葉量最大，佔所有幼蟲期食葉量的78.95 %，總食葉量平均為441.88± 16.50cm^2，由此得知，上述結果可提供做為大量飼養的基本資料。

關鍵字

大鳳蝶 ； 生活史 ； 頭殼寬度 ； 食葉量

並列摘要

In the present study, fresh eggs of Polymorph swallowtail, Papilio memnon heronus Frustorfer were collected from the host in a net room. The fresh eggs were placed in a growth chamber under conditions of 25±1℃, 80±5%RH, and with a photoperiod of 14 hr of light and 10 hr of darkness. Hatching larvae were individually reared with leaves of the Citrus sunki for observations on the development and life history of the butterfly. The results are summarized as follows. The hatching rate of the eggs was 57%. The days for eggs to hatch was 6.00±0.06 days in average. The duration of larval stage was 22.66±0.30 days in average. The duration of pupal stage was 15.90±0.26 days in average. The time required for eggs to become adults was 43.90±0.38 days in average. The threshold value of head capsule width for larva developed to pupa was above 6.10 mm. The increment of the head capsule width for larva developed to pupa was above 6.10 mm. The increment of the head capsule width of larva was in accordance with the increase in larval instar stage, maintained a ratio of 1.46 times. A linear regression coefficient was existed between the common logarithms of head capsule width of larva and the larval instar stages, which fitted with the Dyar's law. The increments in both the head capsule width and the body length of larva were in accordance with the increase in larval instar stage. Leaf consumption increased as the larval instar grew. The greatest leaf consumption occurred at the fifth instar larval stage. The fifth instar larvae consumed about 78.95% of leaves. The total leaf areas consumed was 441.88±16.50 cm^2 in average. The results provide information for educational materials and the mass production of this butterfly.

並列關鍵字

Polymorph swallowtail ； Papilio memnon heronus ； life history ； head capsule width ； leaf consumption