從「地方化」到「同源論」：戰後臺灣省立博物館「臺灣史」展示變遷（1945～1965）

戰後初期行政長官公署接收日治總督府博物館，為了因應新的政策方向，省博面臨歷史展示的轉型問題。省博初期雖以「去殖民、革命史觀、中國革命史」為目標，並將「臺灣史」展示制度化，但最初仍仰賴外援來規劃展示。1950年代中期，在研究組馮用研究員時期（1950～1961），省博逐漸以「清代地方治理史」為展示主軸，又以1953年出土的劉銘傳撫臺檔案展覽及1950年代中期後形成的歷史室為其實踐，但「革命史觀」的敘事則落空。1960年代省博展示出現新轉向。省文獻會劉枝萬的赴任，將1957年革實院分院的「革命史觀」與「同源論」加以擴充，具體實踐為1962年館外展－臺中教師會館的「臺灣省史蹟陳列室」。此案也揭示了黨務機構革實院在1950年代中期展開島內的臺灣史宣傳工作，透過產製歷史敘事、革命史觀圖像化、動員省級機關辦展、並安插人員到博物館、介入展示等，黨務機構指揮省級機構（臺北圖書館、省文獻會、省博）協力臺灣史敘事的知識生產、宣傳機制。另方面，1962年8月「人類學室乙」新開張，宣示以「文化接觸」視角視角闡釋臺灣史發展，但展示手法為物件陳列，其「文化接觸」概念仍顯模糊，大致可視為1950年代清代地方治理論之延續。隨著省博1962年劉枝萬的革命史觀論與人類學室乙的清代地方治理論的完成，此二模式便以雙軌並行的方式出現於館內外展示。代表著戰後接收20年後，即使省博面臨歷史專業人員欠缺，仍可依循此二展示模式，彈性配合官方需求，調整展示修辭來規畫臺灣史展示。

關鍵字

馮用；劉枝萬；革命史觀；地方化；同源論

並列摘要

In the early times of post-war period, Taiwan provincial administrative executive office had taken over the Government Museum of Taiwan. In order to comply with new policies approach, Taiwan Museum had faced the transformative problems in history exhibitions. At first the museum focused at "decolonization, the historical perspective of revolution and the history of China revolution," and institutionalized the exhibitions in "Taiwan history." But in the early times we still relied on foreign aids to make plans for our exhibitions. In the middle of 1950s, during the period of researcher Feng Yong of research department who was in charged (1950～1961) , Taiwan Museum has gradually taken the "history of local governance in Qing dynasty" as the main axis for exhibitions, further to practice it in the Liu Mingchuan Futai Archives Exhibition unearthed in 1953, also the history exhibition rooms formed after the middle of 1950s, but the failed in the narratives of "historic perspective of revolution." The Taiwan Museum had taken a new turn in the 1960s. After Liu Zhiwan from The Historical Research Commission of Taiwan Province had taken office, who expanded the concepts of "historical perspective of revolution" and "homologous discourse" of Institute of Revolutionary Practice in 1957 and its practice in concrete was the outreach in 1962, the "historical exhibition room of Taiwan province" in Teachers Hostel in Taichung. It had shown the propaganda of Taiwan history throughout the island in the middle of 1950s by political party institutions as Institute of Revolutionary Practice. By producing historical narratives, to visualized the historical perspective of revolution, mobilized provincial organizations to hold the exhibitions, placed its staffs in the museum and to interfering the exhibitions for them to instruct provincial organizations (Taipei Public Library, Historical Research Commission and Taiwan Museum) to assist in the knowledge productions and propaganda mechanism in the narratives of Taiwan history. On the other hand, the reopened of Room B for anthropology in August 1962, was to announce the interpretation of Taiwan history development in the prospective of "cultural contact" in anthropology, which was assumed under the planning of Chen Chi-lu, the director of Anthropology Division. But the way of the exhibition was in display of objects and obscure in the concept of "cultural contact," which was deemed as the continuity of Perspective on Local Governance in Qing dynasty in the 1950s. Along with the completion of discourse of historical perspective of revolution by Liu Zhiwan in 1962 and the Perspective on Local Governance in Room B for anthropology, the two models had shown in the exhibitions within and outside the museum in a parallel way, which means after it had been taken over after twenty years, even in facing with historical professionals, Taiwan Museum could still follow the two models to correspond with official needs to adjust the rhetoric of exhibitions to make plans for exhibitions of Taiwan history.