Ocular Refraction and Its Components among Younger Children in Kaohsiung: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study

高雄市兒童屈光及屈光要素四年之縱向研究

吳國揚(Kwou-Yeung Wu) ； 許明木(Min-Muh Sheu) ； 黃文龍(Wen-Long Huang) ； 王惠珠(Hwei-Zu Wang) ； 陳振武(Chen-Wu Chen)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 7卷3期 (1991/03) Pp. 120-125

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199103.0120

摘要

對50位高雄市兒童的屈光狀態及屈光各要素做4年的縱向追蹤研究。受檢查年齡介於7至10.6歲，男31位，女19位，其中有一眼因弱視不列入本研究中，故共有99隻眼睛受檢，檢查項目與4年前相同，包括1% Mydriacyl屈光檢查，視力矯正，角膜弧度及超音波儀測量前房深度、水晶體厚度、玻璃體長度與眼球軸長。我們的結果顯示（一）所有受檢兒童在6歲以後矯正視力皆可以達0.8以上。（二）屈光狀態往近視偏向，近視率由4年前的2%升高到27.3%。（三）比較4年前後的屈光各要素，顯示在眼屆光度、玻璃體長度及眼球軸長呈有意義增加，而角膜屈光度與水晶體厚度則呈有意義減少。（四）男女間的差異，四年前後並無改變，即男生有較大的角膜弧度、前房深度、玻璃體長度及眼球軸長。（五）根據本研究，眼球軸長對較小兒童的屈光狀態仍為重要的影響因素，另外角膜弧度也可能成為次重要因素之一。

並列摘要

A four-year longitudinal study was made on refraction and its components among 50 children of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C. aged from 7 to 10.6 years. The methods of examination of the eyes were the same as that of four years ago, including Mydriacyl refraction, keratometry for corneal curvature radius, and ultrasonic measurement of the refractive components.
One eye with amblyopia was excluded. The results of our study showed that all of our cases over 6 years of age had a corrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better, and that the refractive state shifted to myopia in our 4-year follow up. The rate of myopia increased from 2% to 27.3%. Comparisons of refractive components between the years 1983 and 1987 showed significant increases in refractive power, length of vitreous cavity and total axial length of the eyes. Corneal refractive power and lens thickness, however decreased significantly. As for differences in gender, several results were the same for both 1983 and 1987: corneal curvature radius, the length from anterior corneal surface to anterior lens surface, length of vitreous cavity and total axial length were larger in males than females. Finally, total axial length and corneal curvature radius were the factors most affecting the refractive state in younger children.

並列關鍵字

refraction ； refractive components ； total axial length