工作壓力與飲酒行為

Job Strain and Drinking Behavior

楊明仁(Ming-Jen Yang) ； 何啟功(Chi-Kung Ho) ； 樊聯仁(Lian-Ren Fan) ； 楊美賞(Mei-Sang Yang)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 12卷12期 (1996/12) Pp. 670-684

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199612.0670

摘要

為了探討工作壓力對個人飲酒行為之影響，研究者以Karasek工作壓力模式及其測量為自變項，在控制了社會支持程度以及其他可能之干擾變項後，以複迴歸及複邏輯迴歸的統計模式，評估工作壓力狀態對個人過去一個月之飲酒行為－如飲酒量、飲酒問題之發生以及飲酒動機是否為逃避性飲酒等之影響。
於民國83年10月至84年3月共5個月期間，以立意選樣的方式，選取南部三家重工業工廠之員工共1,117名為研究對象，進行一自填式問卷調查研究。所有受訪者中，平均每日飲酒量為0.2±0.9單位（範圍為0－12單位；中位數為0.02單位）。而過去一個月內曾經飲酒者共有668（61.8%）名，其中曾發生至少一種飲酒問題者共有188人（28.8%）人。曾為抒解工作所帶來的困擾或苦惱而飲酒者，則於逃避型飲酒者；在受訪者中共有35名，佔所有飲酒者之5.2%。
針對非原住民男性受訪者為對象，以多變項分析，在控制年齡、收入、家庭史中是否有經常飲酒者後，評估工作狀態對個人飲酒行為之影響。結果發現：1.個人對其所從事之工作主控性愈低者，愈容易發生飲酒問題（勝算比[OR]＝1.3）與逃避性飲酒的行為（OR=1.2）；但二者在統計上均未達到顯著的意義。2.個人所從事之工作要求愈高者，較工作要求低者有較低的飲酒量（t＝－2.5,p＝0.01），但卻較容易發生逃避性飲酒行為（OR＝2.7,p＝0.05）。3.個人經常處於高壓力工作狀態，雖較其他工作狀態下之工作者有較低的飲酒量，但卻較容易發生飲酒問題及逃避性飲酒的行為，但三者在統計學上亦未到達到顯著的意義。
雖然，家族史對個人飲酒影響的性已是不容置疑。但除此以外，本研究的發現暗示著工作壓力、個人飲酒動機、與飲酒問題之發生間，也可能存在著某種程度的相關關係。研究者建議應針對此課題進行深入的探討，將來並應考慮以此為出發思考介入處理飲酒問題的可行性。

並列摘要

The aim of this survey study was to explore the influence of work on individual’s drinking behavior. From October 1994 to March 1995, the present researchers implemented a self-administered questionnaire survey on workers in the manufacturing sector in Metropolitan Kaohsiung area, southern Taiwan.
Of the 1,117 subjects selected, 668 (61.8%) stated that they had had one or more drinks during the preceding month. The average daily consumption of alcohol was 0.2¡Ó0.9 drinks (with a range of 0 to 12 drinks and a median of
0.02 drinks). In addition, 188 (28.8%) of the subjects reported having experienced drinking- related problems during the preceding month, and 35 respondents (5.2%) gave escape from job stress as the reason for their drinking in the preceding month.
The result of multivariate analyses showed that workers who reported less autonomy in their job were more likely to experience drinking-related problems (odds ratio [OR] =1.3) and to drinkg for psychological relief (OR= 1.2); that workers who reported more demanding job conditions were more likely to drink for escape (OR2.5) but had lower levels of drinking (t＝－2.5, p＝0.01); and that workers who reported high levels of job strain were more likely to experience drinking-related problems and to drink for relief but had lower levels of drinking.
The details and implications of this result will be discussed.

並列關鍵字

job strain ； drinking behavior