衛生教育介入對都市原住民吸菸飲酒行為之影響研究

The Effects of Health Educational Intervention for Urban Aboriginals' Smoking and Drinking Behavior.

林梅香(Lin Mei-haiang)

指導教授 ： 黃淑貞

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/衛生教育學系/博士(2002年)

摘要

本研究目的在於探討衛生教育介入後，對都市原住民之菸害認知、拒菸自我效能、吸菸量改變情形及飲酒知識、拒酒自我效能、飲酒量改變情之影響效果。本研究設計採準實驗設計之「不等的前測－後測控制組設計」，立意取樣樹林地區之A、B兩個教會共125位都市原住民為研究對象，分別為實驗組及對照組。在衛生教育介入前，二組皆接受前測，作為學習評量的比較基礎，實驗組接受四週有關吸菸、飲酒防制教學，對照組不接受任何實驗處理，衛生教育介入後立即進行後測，以了解實驗介入後所產生的立即影響效果，衛生教育結束四週後實施後後測追蹤其延宕效果。資料以卡方考驗、t考驗、單因子共變數分析、重複量數單因子共變數分析、百分率等統計方法進行分析，所得結果如下：
一、 菸害知識得分方面，衛生教育介入後一週，及四週後，實驗組的菸害認知後測及後後測均未達顯著差異，顯示衛生教育介入對增進「菸害認知」之立即影響效果及延宕影響效果不顯著。
二、 拒菸自我效能之影響效果方面，不論在衛生教育介入後一週，及四週後，實驗組的拒菸自我效能後測及後後測均達顯著差異，顯示衛生教育介入對增進「拒菸自我效能」效果顯著。
三、 吸菸行為之影響效果方面，不論在衛生教育介入後一週，及四週後，實驗組吸菸行為之後測及後後測得分均顯著低於對照組，顯示衛生教育介入對改善「吸菸量改變情形」效果顯著。
四、 飲酒知識得分方面，衛生教育介入後一週，及四週後，實驗組的飲酒知識後測及後後測均未達顯著差異，顯示衛生教育介入對增進「飲酒知識」之立即影響效果及延宕影響效果不顯著。
五、 拒酒自我效能之影響效果方面，不論在衛生教育介入後一週，及四週後，實驗組的拒酒自我效能後測及後後測均達顯著差異，顯示衛生教育介入對增進「拒酒自我效能」效果顯著。
六、 飲酒行為之影響效果方面，在衛生教育介入後一週，實驗組的飲酒行為之後測得分顯著高於對照組，亦即實驗組吸菸量大於對照組，顯示衛生教育介入對改善「飲酒行為」立即影響效果不顯著。在衛生教育介入後四週，實驗組的飲酒行為之後後測得分顯著低於對照組，顯示衛生教育介入對改善「飲酒行為」延宕影響效果顯著。
七、 各單元教學活動之評價方面，整體而言，接受四次衛生教育介入之研究對象，至少有70%以上很喜歡各教學單元； 80%以上之研究對象認為各教學單元很有幫助。
根據研究結果，可作為都市原住民吸菸、飲酒行為防制教學的參考，用以增加拒菸自我效能、拒酒自我效能，繼而能減少吸菸行為及飲酒行為。

關鍵字

都市原住民 ； 衛生教育介入 ； 吸菸行為 ； 飲酒行為

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of health education intervention in the cognition of smoking hazard, self-efficacy of antismoking, the change of smoking amount, the cognition of drinking, self-efficacy of anti-drinking, and the change of drinking amount for urban aboriginal. A non-equivalent control groups design was conducted. Purposeful sampling was employed from two local churches in Shu Lin area. A total of 125 aboriginal subjects were recruited, and divided to experimental and control groups. Both experimental and control groups took pre-test in order to set baseline, and only the experimental group obtained 4-weeks classes regarding to the prevention of smoking and drinking. The experimental group took post-test immediately after intervention in order to evaluate the instant effect of teaching programs. The fellow-up （post posttest） evaluation in the next fourth weeks. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, t-test, ANCOVA, and repeat measure ANCOVA. The results showed as following：（1）the knowledge in smoking hazard part, there is no difference between post and post post-tests in experimental group after the first and fourth week health education intervention（2）in the effect of self-efficacy of antismoking aspect, there is a significant difference between post and post-post tests after the first and fourth week intervention; （3）smoking behavior had been significantly improved after the first and fourth week health education intervention;（4）in experimental group, there is no difference between post and post-post tests after the first and fourth week intervention in the knowledge of drinking;（5）in experimental group, there is a significant difference between post and post-post tests after the first and fourth week intervention in the self-efficacy of drinking;（6）the drinking behavior had not been improved after the first week intervention in the experimental group, however the drinking behvior had obviously decreased after the fourth week intervention;（7）in the whole, at least 70% of subjects stated they liked each learning activity, and more than 80 %subjects admitted those learning activities were helpful.
The findings of this study can provide information regarding the prevention of smoking and drinking behaviors in order to increase the self-efficacy of antismoking as well as anti-drinking, and to decrease the smoking and drinking behaviors.

並列關鍵字

urban aboriginal ； health education intervention ； smoking behavior ； drinking behavior

參考文獻

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