Effects of Jumping Skill Training on Walking Balance for Children with Mental Retarda-Tion and Down's Syndrome

跳躍技巧訓練對智能不足及唐氏症兒童的行走平衡能力的影響

王慧儀(Wai-Yi Wang) ； 張志仲(Jyh-Jong Chang)

《The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences》 13卷8期 (1997/08) Pp. 487-495

https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199708.0487

摘要

研究目的：本研究的主要目的在驗証：「針對智能不足及唐氏症兒童，可透過跳躍技巧訓練所增進的功能，有效地改善其行走的平衡能力」。研究對象：我們在一所日問托育的早期療育機構中選取了14位3至6歲的智能不足或唐氏症兒童，這些孩子均已能行走但仍沒有跳躍的能力。此外我們又選取了61位正常兒童作為本研究的標準對照組。研究方法：在整個訓練課程開始前、後及一次的追蹤評估中，由一位資深物理治療師個別地評估孩子的行走平衡能力、跳躍技巧以及跳躍距離。利用 Bruininks oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency ( BoTMP ）其中之一次目測試：「平衡測驗」，來評估行走的平衡能力。此外我們以 Motor skill Inventory ( MSI）來評估跳躍能力的表現品質。研究中設計了「跳躍技巧訓練課程」融入在個案的教學計劃中，內容包括有水平跳躍及垂直跳躍。訓練課程為期 6 週，每週3次。結果：統計結果顯示出在訓練前、後的評估測驗中，以下的評估項目： BOTMP 的「地上行走」及「平衡桿行走」有明顯的差別意義；而「地上站立」、「平衡桿站立」及「地上腳跟一腳尖行走」的項目中則沒有統計學上的差別。 MSI 的評分中，顯示出在訓練前及訓練後有明顯的差別意義。訓練後與追蹤評估間的得分分析均沒有統計學上的意義。討論：從本篇的研究結果可支持：「跳躍技巧活動訓練能有效的誘發自發性及動態姿勢的控制能力，而此能力的獲得將可改善行走的平衡能力」。本篇對相關的內容及建議有詳細的探討及分析。

並列摘要

In the present study, we hypothesized that the enhancements obtained from the practice of jumping activity could be transferred to improve the walking balance in children with mental retardation (MR) and Down’s syndrome (DS).
Subjects: Fourteen children with the diagnosis of MR or DS, aged 3 to 6 years, were recruited from a day care institution. They were ambulant but without jumping ability. Sixty-one non-handicapped children was used to serve as a normative comparison group. Method: Before the training program, the performances of walking balance, jump skills and jumping distances were assessed individually by one physical therapist. The balance sub-test in the Brulninks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP) was administered to assess the walking balance. Motor Skill Inventory (MSI) was used to assess the qualitative levels of jumping skills. A jumping skill training lesson that Included horizontal Jumps and vertical jumps was designed and integrated Into the educational program. The recruited children receIved 3 sessions of training per-week for 6 weeks. A post-training test and a follow-up test were administered to the handicapped children.
Result: In BOTMP scores, statistical differences exited between the pre-training and post-training tests In the tested items of floor walk and beam walk. However, no significant difference was found in the items of floor stand, beam stand and floor heel- toe walk. MSI scales revealed there were significant differences between pre-training and post-training tests. There was no significant difference between the scores of post- training test and the follow-up test.
Discussion: The results implicated that the jumping activity might effectively evoke the automatic and dynamic postural control. Moreover, the significant improvements of the floor walk and beam walk performances might be due to the transferred effects via the practice of dynamic jumping activity. Furthermore, Implications and suggestions are discussed.

並列關鍵字

walking balance ； Down's syndrome, education of mental retardation