桃園地區農業埤塘灌溉系統調蓄能力分析

REGULATING AND ANALYSIS OF FARM POND IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN TAOYUAN

吳瑞賢(Ray-Shyan Wu) ； 謝仲霖(Chung-Ling Hsieh) ； 馬家齊(Chia-Chi Ma) ； 劉日順(Jih-Shun Liu)

《農業工程學報》 65卷4期 (2019/12) Pp. 12-25

https://doi.org/10.29974/JTAE.201912_65(4).0002

摘要

埤塘灌溉系統為桃園地區特有的農業灌溉方式，其不僅能提供田區直接或輔助灌溉，更能在降雨時作為多餘水量的蓄存空間。本研究針對桃園大圳10支線及其轄下15口埤塘之灌區小組，利用系統動力模式建立埤塘灌溉系統，使用實測之大圳引水量及降雨量進行模擬，並以2017年一、二期作期間各項水文因子，模擬及分析埤塘在不同操作模式下之調蓄能力及灌區作物用水變化。由於2017年一、二期作分具豐、枯水年的特性，故本研究於一期作以大圳及埤塘用水調配情境分析，在不影響田間作物生長的情況下，推估大圳可減供水量之比例；針對二期作則模擬枯水年極端氣候條件下，灌區採不同埤塘操作模式的作物用水情形。其結果顯示，採用埤塘完全調蓄灌溉，可在不影響15個灌區小組耕作的情況下，使大圳減供60%的水量。在模擬極端無降雨情境下，使用埤塘完全調蓄灌溉，則該期作灌區需折減80%之面積，方能維持其餘灌區小組正常耕作。換言之，若遇完全無雨情況下，集中轄內15口埤塘的水量，僅能使20%之灌區面積不受缺水影響而完成耕作。

關鍵字

桃園大圳 ； 埤塘灌溉系統 ； 系統動力模式 ； 水稻田

並列摘要

The farm pond irrigation system is one of the unique agricultural irrigation features in the Taoyuan area. It not only provides direct or auxiliary irrigation in the field, but also serves as a storage space for excess water during rainfall. This study aimed to establish a farm pond irrigation system using the system dynamic model for the 15 farm ponds and the followed 15 irrigation districts that supplied by No. 10 sub canal of Tao-Yuan Main Canal. The actual irrigation water, rainfall data and hydrological factors in 2017 were applied to simulate crop water demand and analyze the reduction percentage of main canal water supply under 3 scenarios of farm pond operation i.e. full pond adjustment, part pond adjustment and without any pond adjustment models. The result appears that 60% of water supplied by main canal can be reduced under full pond adjustment model. When extreme drought occurred, 80% of total irrigation area must be turned into fallow status to make the crop on the rest area to be cultivated normally. In other words, only 20% irrigation area of crops can be survived through whole crop period under the condition without any precipitation if only irrigated by farm ponds.

並列關鍵字

Taoyuan main canal ； Farm pond irrigation system ； Vensim model ； Paddy field

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