牛島春子作品中的滿洲人表象－從〈王屬官〉〈張鳳山〉〈祝這位男子〉來論

牛島春子出生於日本九州久留米市，十八歲時與尚在九州帝國大學法學部讀書卻熱中社會運動的牛嶋晴男相識，翌年加入共產黨。1936年（昭和十一年）與牛嶋晴男結婚，之後兩人共赴滿洲國（今中國東北地方），並住在當時的「奉天」（今吉林省）。春子自1936年隨夫赴滿洲至1946年回日本的十年間，以副縣長夫人的身份觀察滿洲的社會風俗、習慣、農民、苦力以及為日本人擔任通譯的滿洲人差役，並將之寫入作品裡。第一部小說〈豚〉（後來改為〈王屬官〉）描述農村剝削農民血汗的貪官，〈張鳳山〉則是描述縣政府日本官員的滿人差役張鳳山，以伺候日本人為榮，但在縣政體系更迭時被辭退。〈祝這位男子〉裡的口譯官祝廉天，憑藉著流暢的日語能力獲取副縣長口譯官一職，一方面以嚴厲的執法態度協助日本官員管理滿洲人，一方面在縣府裡姿態高傲，成為日本職員眼中最肆無憚忌的人物，同時不見容於滿洲人的社會，亦不見容於日本的社會。在滿洲人的眼中，祝是個漢奸，而在日本人的眼裡他不過是供日本人所差遣的僕役。牛島春子作品中所描述的滿洲人表象，是以統治階層的立場來觀察；在殖民時期，由於異文化的衝擊與政治上的扭曲，讓少數的統治者位居指導者的角色，對異民族仍然擺脫不了偏見及差別待遇，甚至以自己國家的文化優於被殖民國的文化為由欲將其同化。

關鍵字

牛島春子；王屬官；張鳳山；祝廉天

並列摘要

After Usizima Haruko married Usizima Haruo in 1936, the couple moved to Mannsyuukoku, Manchuria (in today's China), and stayed there for ten years before they returned to Japan. As the wife of the Deputy County Commissioner in Manchuria, Usizima Haruko had the chance to observe the customs of the society and the life of the Manchurian farmers, coolies, and translators and interpreters hired by the County Government to work for the Japanese. She recorded her observations in her works.”Ouzokukan” portrays the corrupt officials who exploited the local farmers. ”Zhang Feng-Shan” provides a description of a Manchurian lackey who serves the Japanese officers of the County Government and feels very proud of his position. ”The Man Zhu” is about Zhu Lien-Tien, a Manchurian translator, who tries to survive his dealings with both the Japanese and the Manchurians as the Manchurians view him as a han-jien (a man who betrays China) while the Japanese look down upon him like a dog.The image of the Manchurians in the works of Usizima Haruko is seen from the perspective of the ruling class which, though small in number and foreign in culture, takes up a superior position in their effort to assimilate another culture through distorted political maneuvering.