李光地《周易折中》屯六二“乘馬班如，匪寇婚媾”研究

本文乃承筆者〈李光地《周易折中》發微－以乾坤二卦為示例的探討〉一文，繼以屯卦為主，尤以六二「乘馬班如，匪寇婚媾」為中心，旁及於賁六四、睽上九，而於歷代諸儒相關之說皆並及之，以探究李氏《折中》之精妙，以顯其重要。李氏認為「匪寇婚媾」之寇者與婚媾者，實應為同者，此從語法邏輯而言固應如是，且寇者與婚媾者指應爻九五，而非主爻初九，此則可免初九「利建侯」而卻為諸爻大梗之弊。至於「乘馬班如」，或因爻與爻間既可互為主賓，而相應之爻更是如此，故乘馬者可指本爻，亦可為應爻。即「乘馬班如」若連上句「屯如邅如」為一句，則乘馬者為本爻六二；若如李氏所言，屯如邅如應讀斷，而「乘馬班如」連下句「匪寇婚媾」，顯然乘馬者乃應爻九五。李氏既以屯如邅如讀斷，乘馬班如則連下匪寇婚媾，即「屯如邅如」一句，「乘馬班如，匪寇婚媾」一句；故「乘馬班如，匪寇婚媾」之說，自是以應爻九五乘馬，而九五非寇，乃本爻六二之正應，故可從而婚媾也。

關鍵字

乘馬班如；匪寇婚媾；本爻；主爻；應爻

並列摘要

This article is undertaken to extend my previous paper in the title of ”Elaboration on Zhou Yi Zhe Zhong by Lee Guang-Di-explored by the illustration of Qian Kun”. Continuing the central topic of Zhun Gua, I especially concern the Yao of Second Six as the major theme, ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation, the person is not the robber but the one who comes to propose marriage”. Besides I will study Bi Gua in the Yao of Forth Six and Kui Gua in the Yao of Final Nine. From the relates study and interpretation by many of the previous Confucians, I attempt to explore the greatness of Lee's Zhe Zhong and polish its significance. In the line ”the person is not the robber but the one who comes to propose marriage”, Lee considers that the robber and the marriage proposer should be the same person. In terms of its grammatical loaic, it should be so. And the robber and the marriage proposer refer to its corresponding Yao of Fifth Nine instead of the major Yao of Initial Nine. In this way, it can prevent ”the should-be leader” from becoming the obstacle in other Yaos. As for ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation”, maybe because the Yaos can be subjects and objects to each other, it is more like so in the corresponding Yaos. Therefore the horse rider can signifies its own Yao as well as its corresponding Yaos. That is to say, if ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation” is combined with its previous sentence ”going no further as difficulties pile up” and becomes one sentence, the horse rider will signify its own Yao of Second Six. If it is like what Lee says, ”going no further as difficulties pile up” should be read as an independent sentence, and ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation” should be read with continuity of the sentence ”the person is not the robber but the one who comes to propose marriage”. Apparently the horse rider would be mentioned as the corresponding Yao of Fifth Nine. Since Lee considers that ”going no further as difficulties pile up” should be read as a separate sentence, ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation” would be combined with the next sentence-”the person is not the robber but the one who comes to propose marriage”. That is, ”going no further as difficulties pile up” is one sentence, and ”riding a horse and going no further with hesitation, the person is not the robber but the one who comes to propose marriage” is another sentence. Therefore the meaning of the later sentence naturally corresponds to ”riding a horse” in the Yao of Fifth Nine. Moreover the Yao of Fifth Nine does not mean the robber, but its own Yao of Second Six, so that it can follow it and propose marriage to it.