初論乾隆朝北京城書籍市場的分布與貨源－以李文藻〈琉璃廠書肆記〉為中心的探討

A Study of the Distribution and Source of Goods of the Book Marketplaces in Beijing City during Qian Long Period-A Discussion on Li Wenzao's Liu li chang shu si ji

廖振旺(Jenn-Wang Liao)

《臺灣師大歷史學報》 36期 (2006/12) Pp. 53-100

摘要

本文的主旨在於，從城市商業的角度重新閱讀李文藻〈琉璃廠書肆記〉一文，並以此來探討及論述乾隆朝北京城書籍市場的分布與貨源。李文藻以〈琉璃廠書肆記〉聞名於後世，該文可謂是乾隆朝北京城書籍市場研究中最重要的文獻。他也是乾隆朝山東著名的藏書家及金石學家。
所謂書籍市場，即從事書籍交易的場所，古稱書肆或書攤。在傳統中國書籍史研究中，較為重視書籍的生產層面，如著作、出版、編輯、印刷等；或藏書史等收藏層面，而較少著眼於書籍市場的研究，亦即將書籍視為商品，考察其消費面。事實上，在市場經濟發達的明清時代，除了饋贈、繼承、抄錄等方法外，讀者或藏書者，大多透過書籍市場交易的管道來獲得書籍，因此書籍市場的研究是極為重要的。
同時，作為整體市場的一部分，書籍市場亦受到商業發展的制約與影響。該論點也是過去的研究極其缺乏的一環。本文即初步嘗試自上述觀點進行該項研究，來論述乾隆朝北京城書籍市場的分布與貨源，並探討其與城市商業的發展，以及城市居民結構變化之間的關係。

關鍵字

書籍市場 ； 城市商業 ； 北京城 ； 李文藻 ； 琉璃廠書肆記

並列摘要

The purpose of this article is to revead Li Wenzao's Liu li chang shu si ji, from the perspective of City Commerce, therefore discuss about the distribution and source of goods of the book marketplaces of Beijing City during the Qian Long period. Li Wenzao was famous for his article, Liu li chang shu si ji, which is the most important source of research of the history of book marketplaces of Beijng City. He was also a famous book collector and epigrapher in Shantong area during Qian Long period.
Book marketplace was called Shu ci or Shu tan, means the place where book trade take place in. The traditional study of the history of Chinese book makes a great point of the production of the books, like writing, publishing, editing and print, or of the collection, therefore pays less attention on the book marketplace, namely regard the books as commodity and deliberate their viewpoint of consumption. As a matter of fact, during Ming and Qing dynasties, market economy prospered, book readers and collectors acquired their books mostly from the market trade rather than presentation, succession or hand copy. These situations make the study of the book marketplace very important.
At the same time, book marketplace as a part of the whole marketplace, was also restricted and influenced by the commercial development, and this point of view is also neglected by the most of the scholars. This article is an attempt to study distribution of the book marketplaces and source of goods of Beijing City during Qian Long period from the perspective above, and discuss the relation between the matter above and city commerce and change of the inhabitant structure.

並列關鍵字

Book marketplace ； City Commerce ； Beijing City ； Li Wenzao ； Liu li chang shu si ji

參考文獻

《浙江通志》網站

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