漢代胡人的文面圖樣及其與內陸歐亞之關係

在匈奴史的研究中，匈奴與內亞游牧伊朗人（如塞種）間的關係，是較為中文史學界所忽視的面向。本文擬從一種漢代胡人臉上的圓圈狀文面圖樣入手，探討此種文面習俗與內陸歐亞之關係。本文發現漢代胡人臉上的圈形文面圖樣，與伊朗安息人的文面圖樣相當一致，而此種圈形文面在中亞地區有長久流傳的歷史，可能是早期伊朗人的一項重要傳統。由漢代匈奴與安息人擁有相同文面習俗一事來看，匈奴文化中存有不少顯著的伊朗色彩，伊朗系的早期游牧民如塞種等族群，可能曾在匈奴部落聯盟中有過重要的角色，匈奴的種族與文化疑似受過游牧伊朗人明顯的影響。

關鍵字

胡人；匈奴；文面；內陸歐亞；安息人；游牧伊朗人；塞種

並列摘要

In research on the history of the Xiong-nu, the relationship between the Xiong-nu and Iranian Nomads of Inner Eurasia is an aspect the Chinese historians tend to overlook. This research discusses the relationship of the circle shaped facial marks on the Hu people of the Han Dynasty or from Inner Eurasia Nomads. We discovered that the marks on their faces are identical to the facial marks of Parthian nobles. This type of facial marks has a long history in Central Asia and was probably an important tradition among Iranian Nomads in this early period. The Xiong-nu from the Han Dynasty era and the Parthians had the same facial marks customs; the culture of Xiong-nu bears a striking resemblance to that of the Iranian Nomads. The Saka (Early Iranian Nomads) probably once played an important role in Xiong-nu tribal society. The Xiong-nu race and culture may have been significantly influenced by Iranian Nomads.