耕鋤深淺施肥量及施肥法對水稻產量之影響

The Effect of Different Depths of Soil and Rates and Methods of Fertilizer Application on the Yield of Rice

謝全份(C.F. Hsieh)

《中華農業研究》 7卷3期 (1957/12) Pp. 7-25

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.195712.0002

摘要

(1)本試驗在臺北市臺灣省農業試驗所，舉行以客土法設置試驗區，檢討水稻增產與耕土深淺及施肥法，施肥量之關係。
(2)耕土深度對水稻株高生長之影響，普通施肥量組，初期生育以淺耕爲優，深耕爲劣，而隨耕土深度增肥組各區則因耕土愈深而愈優。然至生育後期或由穗後之稈長，不論普通施肥量組或隨耕土深度增肥組各區，均以深耕爲優。其耕土深度相同之區，則以施肥量多者，水稻全期間之生育情形較爲優良。
(3)耕土深度對水稻有效分蘗率隨耕土深度增加而提高，在不同施肥量或不同施肥法之情形下其表現相同。
(4)水稻生育日數隨耕土深度增加，而其抽穗偏差亦隨之增加。
(5)深耕能增進德長及一穗粒數，在不同施肥量及不同施肥法情形亦相同。
(6)精谷收量因穗數及一穗粒數而消長，然與不稔率有重大之關係“本試驗中之收量構成因素概隨耕土深度增進，然因病害以致稔實不佳，不免對收量有影響。
(7)本試驗中之第一期作在耕土25公分區及第二期作在30公分區各獲得最高產量。
(8)隨耕土深度增施肥料時，對水稻生育過于繁茂，易誘發稻熱病或倒伏，致影響其結實，故其產量未能如預期增加。
(9)耕土深度與施肥法，在第一期作均以全層施肥法較優，而在第二期作該法與半全層施肥法則難分上下。
(10)耕土深度至35公分之場合稻熱病罹病率甚高，一二期均有同樣趨勢。

並列摘要

(1) The present paper descirbes the effect of different depths of soil, rates and methods of fertilizer on the yield of rice. Experimental plots were prepared by the soil tansportation method.
(2) In the standard fertilizer rate plot, shallow plowing gave better plant height at early stage than deep plowing, when fertilizer rate was increased succeedingly with soil depth, deep plowing, on the contrary, gave slightly better plant height. But in all cases, plant height at later stage or after heading was greater in deep plowing plot than in shallow plowing plot. For the same depth of soil, higher rate of fertilizer gave better growth during the whole period.
(3) The percentage of functional tillering increased with soil depth. The similar phenomena could be seen when different rates and methods of fertilizers were applied.
(4) The days of growth increased with the depth of soil. The heading deviation showed the same tendency.
(5) Deep plowing helped to increase the length of ears and number of grains per ear. The same phenomena were seen when different rates and methods of fertilizers were applied.
(6) The yield of grains was affected by the number of grains per ear and the number of ears per plant. It was, however, also greatly influenced by the percentage of fertility. In the present study, the yield components generally increased with soil depth, yet this was not true in the case of low fertility.
(7) In the present experiment, the highest yield was obtained from the 25 cm deep plot in the first crop and from the 30 cm deep plot in the second crop.
(8) When the rate of fertilizer was increased with soil depth, plants tended to grow too vigorously, became liable to rice blast and the yield could not be increased as expected.
(9) Deep dressing of fertilizer resulted in better yield in the first crop, but in the second crop it was hard to distinguish from half-deep dressing in their effects.
(10) Rice blast infection rate was high in 35 cm deep plot in both first and second crops.