Effect of Growing Conditions on Yield and Components of Yield in Rice

生育環境對稻谷產量及其構成因素之效果

張萬來(W. L. Chang) ； 楊遜謙(S. C. Yang)

《中華農業研究》 14卷2期 (1965/06) Pp. 23-31

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196506.0003

摘要

本文係報告嘉義農業試驗分所在民國52年第二期作及53年第一期作舉辦施肥量，栽植密度及方式對水稻產量與其構成因素效果之試驗結果。
稻各產量隨施肥量及栽植密度之提高而增加，以第一期作產量爲最。但處理間差異，除53年第一期作栽植密度外，均未達顯著水準。栽植方式間產量差異均極顯著，尤以正方形植者，產量最高。
每株穗數多寡與施肥量形成正比，但與栽植密度成相反現象。至於栽植方式則未見有何影響。每穗粒數因增肥，密植而行遞減，惟行距27公分之長方形植，似有增加趨勢。生育環境對千粒重之影響，極度輕微。
第二期作水稻之千粒重，在施肥量，栽植密度及行距27公分之長方形植等處理，概與產量呈顯著正相關。第一期作水稻之每穗粒數，則施肥量，密植（每坪96株）及正方形植等處理下，亦與產量成顯著之正相關。在第二期作密植及第一期作疏植狀況下，穗數與產量之相關達顯著水準。決定係數指出約有10至32%之產量變異，直接受此等與產量有顯著相關之構成因素所支配。

並列摘要

The effects of 2 fertilizer rates, 3 planting densities, and 3 shapes of planting on the growth of rice conducted in the second crop of 1963 and the first crop of 1964 at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station are reported.
Grain yields increased with increasing fertilizers and planting densities. The increase of yields was more pronounced in the first crop of rice. Differences in yields between fertilizer rates as well as among planting densities were not significant except in planting density of the first crop, 1964. Square shape of planting outyielded the other two rectangular shapes, a difference greatly exceeding the 1% level of probability in both crop seasons.
Number of panicles per hill slightly increased with added fertilizers, decreased significantly with increasing planting densities and remain almost unchanged among planting shapes. Number of grains per panicle decreased slightly with added fertilizers, decreased significantly with increasing planting densities. Rectangular shape with row space of 27cm significantly increased grains per panicle in the second crop. Seed weight was least affected by the treatments.
Seed weight was significantly correlated with grain yield in the second crop for fertilizer rates, planting densities, square shape and rectangular shape 2 (row space 27 cm). Grain number per panicle was significantly associated with grain yield in the first crop for fertilizer rates, high planting density, and square shape of planting. Panicle number per hill was significantly correlated with grain yield in the second crop for high planting density (96 hills/3.3 m^2) and in the first crop for low planting density. Coefficients of determination showed that about 10 to 32% of seed yield variations could be ascribed to the effects of yield components.