水稻數量性狀遺傳之研究　不同型間之雜交

Studies on the Inheritance of Quantitative Characters in Rice Ⅰ. Inter-And Intra-Crosses on the Japonica and Indica Varieties

王茂康(M. K. Wang)

《中華農業研究》 14卷4期 (1965/12) Pp. 11-18

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196512.0002

摘要

本研究之目的爲研討不同型水稻品種間雜交三個組合中五種數量性狀之遺傳力及其表型遺傳及環境之相關，藉此明瞭不同型水稻品種問雜交數量性狀之遣傳力及相關關係，使對水稻品種改良工作，得到裨益。
本試驗所用材料爲二個梗稻品種，嘉農242及關果65，與三個秈稻品種Dular, Binicol及C19384作下列三個之雜交組合；
(1) Dular×嘉農242
(2) Binicol×C19384
(3)嘉農242×關東55
採用逢機區集設計，重複四次，每區集內包括九個試區，單行區，行長四公尺，每行植三十株。所研研究性狀有每株谷產量，株高，穗數，穗重及穗長等，試驗資料係以單株爲單位進行統計分析。
水稻各種數量性狀F2之分佈，不同型間雜交（梗×秈〕，株高，穗長，穗重及每株谷產量F2之分佈有超過雙親之範圍，同型間雜交，F2之分佈，超過馭親範圍者比較少。
水稻各種數量性狀間相關，一般遺傳相關在大多數情形下，比表型相關係數爲大，每株谷重與株高，穗長，穗朮及穗數之表型及遺傳相關大部份均爲明顯之正關係。
水稻各種數量性狀之遺傳力，在Dular×嘉農242雜交組合力中，株高，穗長，穗重及每株谷產量之遺傳力比校高，此表示在F2世代中，對此性狀行選拔，其效果比較大，而在Binical×C19384及嘉農242×關東55兩個雜交組合中，一般各性狀之遺傳力均較低，此表明在早期世代中，對此性狀行選拔，比較困難。

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the heritability and inter-relationship among five a ronomic characters in the F2 generation of three rice crosses, with the hope that such information may prove useful to rice breeders.
Two Japonia type varieties, Chianung No. 242 and Kuantung 5g, and three Indica type varieties, Dular, Binicol and C19384, were selected as parents for this study. The following crosses were made:
(1) Dular×Chianung No. 242
(2) Binicol×C19384
(3) Chianung No.242×Kuan-tung 55
Randomized block design with 4 redlications was used in this experiment. Each block consisted of 9 plots, in sigale row plot of length 4m., 30 plants were planted. Agronomic characters measured were plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, number of panicles, and grain yield per plant. The date obtained for each character were analyzed on an individual plant basis.
The F2 range in Japonica×Indica cross indicated a probable transgressive segregation for some quantitative characters.
In general, genetypic correlations were round to be larger than phenotypic correlations in most cases. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield with plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, and number of panicles were significant and positive.
In Japonica×Indica crose, heritability for plant height, panicle weight, panicle length, and grain yield per plant were higher indicating that individual plant selection in F2 for these characters should be comparatively effect. The Indica×Indica and Japonica×Japonica crosses heritability for 5 quantitative characters were relatively low. These results indicated that selection for these characters in early gererations would be difficult.