水稻不同栽植密度、肥料量及栽培方式對産量之影響

Effects of Different Planting Densities, Amounts of Fertilizer Application and Planting Forms on the Yield of Rice

謝全份(Chuang-Fen Hsieh) ； 高樹(Shu Kao) ； 江忠(Chung Chiang)

《中華農業研究》 15卷4期 (1966/12) Pp. 7-22

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196612.0002

摘要

一、為探討不同栽植密度、肥料施用量及栽培方式對稻產量構成要素及產量之影響，乃利用三品種、臺中65號、臺農38號及嘉農242號，三種施肥量（普通肥、多肥及重肥），三種栽培方式（正方形，長方形及四株靠近正方形）四種栽植密度（每1(平方公尺)、18、36、54及108叢）進行試驗。田間試驗採用裂區設計，肥料用量(F)為主區，栽培方式(t)栽植株數(S)及品種(V)為副區，小區面積2m×2.5m=5(平方公尺)重復三次，本試驗在1960-1963之四年間在臺灣省農業試驗所進行。
二、株高，隨肥料之增加而增加，重肥區較多多肥區，又較普肥區為高，正方形挿植前期之株高稍大，但後期之株高不同插植方式間差異甚徵。單位面積插植株數愈少，則株高愈大，反之則小。一、二期作均有同樣傾向，臺中65號與臺農38號之株高大致相同，嘉農242號則稍高。
三、分蘗數重肥區多於多肥區，多肥區多於普肥區，一、二期作均同，表示施肥對分蘗及穗數增加之效果甚大。正方形之分蘗及穗數多於普通長方形，長方形之多於四株靠近正方形一、二期均同。一般而言，栽植密度愈小，（18叢1(平方公尺)）單株穗數愈多（一期作16.2支二期作12.3支），但單位面積(1(平方公尺))之總穗數愈小（一期作290支，二期作240支），反之栽植密度愈大（108叢1m(平方公尺)），則單株的穗數愈小（一期作3.5支，二期作3.4支），但總穗數愈大（一期作380支，二期作370支）總穗數之增加構成密植栽培增產之主要原因。
最高分蘗數臺農38號最多，平均一期作13.4 支，二期作10.2支，嘉農242號最少，平均一期作10.2支，二期作7.0支，臺中65號則方於其間。
四、一穗重量，二期作較一期作為大，不同栽植密度問，一穗重量差異不大，但單位面積(1(平方公尺)) 筍之總穗重，因栽植密度之增加而增加。一穗粒數有因栽植密度增大而減少之傾向，但單位面積之總粒數，因栽培密度之增加而有顯然之增加，一期作較二期作更明顯。千粒重隨栽培密度之增加而增加之情形不太顯著，但單位面積之總產量顯然因栽植密度之增加而層加，其差異在統計上甚為顯著。密植增肥栽培增產之主要因素為總穗數及總粒數之增加較穗重之效果為大，因此認為穗數型品種較適於密植栽培。
五、就挿植方式而言，在本試驗之範圍內認為一期作以正方形，二期作以長方形栽培為宜，四叢靠近方式效果較差。

並列摘要

1. The present studies deal with effects of different planting densities, amount of fertilizer application and planting forms to the yield components and yield of rice. Three Ponlai varieties (japonica type) i.e. Tainung No.38 (panicle-number type), Chianung No.242 (panicle-weight type) and Taichung No.65 (intermediate type), three planting forms i.e. ordinary-square, rectangular and closely-concentrated-square, three levels of fertilizer application i.e. ordinary amount, half increased amount and double amount, four kinds of planting densities i.e. 8, 36, 54 and 108 hills per 1m^2, were used. These factors were arranged by spilit plot design; fertilizer (F) was treated as main plot, while planting forms (T), planting densities and varieties (V) were treated as sub-plot. Each plot occupy an area of 2m×2.5=5m^2 with three replications. The experiments were repeated four times at the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute during the period of 1960-1963.
2. The plant height was found to be increased when the amount of fertilizer was increased, it was higher in the heavily-fertilized plot than moderately-fertilized plot, that in moderately fertilized plot was higher than that of ordinary fertilized plot. Plant height in square-planting form was larger in the eary stage but no significant difference among different planting forms was found at the later stages. Chianung 242 was largest in plant height, while Taichung No.65 and Taichung No.38 were about the same.
3. Number of panicles in heavily-fertilized plot was larger than that of moderately-fertilized plot, and that in moderately-fertilized plot was larger than that of ordinary4ertilized plot. This shows that there was the prominent effect of fertilizer application to panicle and tiller numbers. Tiller and panicle numbers in squareplanting form was larger than that in other forms. This was true in both 1st and 2nd crops. Generally speaking, the smaller the planting density (18 hills per 1m^2), the larger the no. of panicle per hill (1st crop 16.2, and 2nd crop 13.3) while total no. of panicle per unit area (1m^2) is 16.2 smaller (1st crop 290, 2nd crop 240). On the contrary, the larger the planting density (108 hills per 1m^2), the smaller the number of panicle (1st crop 3.5, 2nd crop 3.4), but the total no. of panicle is larger (1st crop 380, 2nd crop 370). The increase of the total number of panicle in an unit area. being the main reason of yield increase for close-planting in rice.
4. Single panicle weight in 2nd crop was larger than that of 1st crop. No significant difference for single panicle weight in different planting densities was found, however, the total weight per unit area was increased according to the increase of number of hills. There was a tendency that number of grains per panicle is reduced according to the increase of planting densities, but the total number of grains per unit area was significantly increased. This tendency was more prominent in 1st crop than 2nd crop. Weight of 1,000 grains was not significantly increased according to the increase of number of hills per unit area, but the total grain weight (total yield) was increased significantly according to the increase of planting density.
5. It is considered that the increase of yield in close planting is mainly due to an increase of total number of panicle, total number of grains and total weight of panicle. The total number of panicle is considered to be the most important factor for yield increase; therefore variety of ”panicle number type” might be better for close-planting than the panicle weight type so for the present experiment is concerned.
6. It was found within the present experiment, that square-planting form was better in 1st crop, but rectangular form was better in the 2nd crop, while effectiveness of closely-concentracted form to the yield was not significant.