Effects of Planting Date on Yield, Yield Components, and Chemical Compositions in Rice Plants

秈稉各一品種臺中秈10號及臺農67號於本所試驗田，在自然的環境下一、二期作各分六次種植進行試驗。目的在探知氣象因子與產量及化學組成（直鏈澱粉、蛋白質及礦物質等含量）之關係。並擬建立稻作生產預測模式。據調查結果，於台中地區自1997年二期作試驗開始至1998年一期作，其氣象因子之變化，則由高至低之氣溫、日射量及雨量，而一期作之變化正好相反，即自低而高的變化。至於相對濕度的變化並不劇烈，兩期作的變化都在80%至96%之間。梗型臺農67號於二期作晚植的產量(6,182.8, 6,0.137kgha^(-1))較高而化學組成（直鏈澱粉、糖類等）的含量較高。秈型臺中秈10號早植則是高產(6,2088, 6,136.5kgha^(-1)與低化學組成含量，一期作兩品種在早移植期之下出現高產量（臺農67號6,386.5kgha^(-1)，臺中秈10號6,328.7kgha^(-1)），而在早移植之下化學組成（粗蛋白及灰分）之含量則亦較高。經統計分析，一、二期作兩品種（臺農67號、臺中秈10號）之不同移植期處理對產量性狀或化學組成的影響，皆呈現極顯著性差異，品種間亦大部份出現顯著性差異。一、二期作兩品種之產量、化學組成與氣象因子呈現高的相關，氣象因子如X1（累積溫度），X2（平均溫度），X5（日射量）及X7（平均雨量）。一期作臺農67號與臺中秈10號在分蘗期間之氣象因子與產量之關係，分別為Y1（產量kgha^(-1))=60.15+0.42*X2（均溫）及Y1=55.76+0.57*X2，而二期作則各為Y1=32.72-0.901**X2與Y1=54.62+0.81**X2。一期作穀粒充實期間之氣象因子與台農67號及台中秈10號之直鏈澱粉含量(Y2:%)之關係式各為Y2=78.26-0.93**X2與Y2=12.68-8.81*X2。而二期作臺農67號及臺中秈10號之關係式分別為Y2=10.32-0.85**X1與Y2=6.26-0.65*X1。

關鍵字

氣象因子；化學組成；水稻；產量

並列摘要

Rice cultivars, Tainung 67 (TNG 67) (Japonica) and Taichung Sen 10 (TCS 10) (Indica), were grown in six different times under natural conditions at the experimental farm of the Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute (TARI) at Wufeng, Taichung to investigate the relationships among climatic factors (air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and precipitation.), yield and chemical compositions (amylose, free sugar, crude protein and ash), and to establish the forecasting model for rice production. The climatic factors from the second crop season of 1997 to the first crop season of 1998 were investigated in Taichung area. The results indicated the trends of changes in temperature, solar radiation and precipitation were from high to low in the second crop season while from low to high was found in the first crop season. The relative humidity ranged between 80% and 96% for both crop seasons. In the second crop season, the late transplanted TNG 67 had higher yield (6,182.8 and 6,013.7 kgha^(-1)) and higher chemical composition contents (amylose and sugar) while the early transplanted TCS 10 had higher yield (6,208.8 and 6,136.5 kgha^(-1)) and lower chemical compositions. In the first crop season, TNG 67 and TCS 10 had higher yield of 6386.5 Kgha^(-1) and 6328.7 kgha^(-1) under early transplanting condition. Both cultivars transplanted in later dates produced higher chemical composition contents of crude proteins and ash (P, Ca, Fe, etc.). The chemical compositions of TCS 10 are higher than those of TNG 67 except the free sugar in the first and the second crop seasons. There were significant differences among transplanting dates and cultivars for yield, yield components and chemical compositions. In the first and the second crop seasons, the yield and the amylose of both cultivars showed highly correlated with the following climatic factors: X1 (accumulated temperature), X2 (mean temperature), X5 (solar radiation) and X7 (mean precipitation). The following equations of Y=60.15+0.42 * X2 and=Y1=55.76+0.57 * X2 were derived to express the relationship between the yield (kgha^(-1)) and the climatic factors during the tillering period in the first crop season for TNG 67 and TCS 10 respectively. The relationship between the yield and the climatic factors during the tillering period in the second crop season for TNG 67 and TCS 10 can be expressed as Y1=32.72-0.91 ** X2 and Y1=54.62+0.81 ** X2, respectively. The relationship between the amylose content (Y2: %) and the climatic factors during the grain filling period in the first crop season of 1998 for TNG 67 and TCS 10 can be represented as Y2=78.26-0.93 ** X2 and Y2=12.68-8.81 * X2, respectively. The relationship between the amylose content and the climatic factors during the grain filling period in the second crop season of 1997 can be expressed as Y2=10.32-0.85 ** X1 and Y2=6.26-0.65 * X1, respectively.

並列關鍵字

Climatic factors ； Chemical composition ； Rice ； Yield

國際替代計量

Effects of Planting Date on Yield, Yield Components, and Chemical Compositions in Rice Plants

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