不同灌溉方式對水稻產量和水分利用效率之影響

Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on Rice Yield and Water Use Efficiency

巫金松(Jin-Song Wu) ； 林資哲(Tzu-Che Lin) ； 陳智謀(Zhi-Mou Chen) ； 葉一隆(Yi-Lung Yeh)

《台灣農學會報》 21卷4期 (2022/01) Pp. 264-275

https://doi.org/10.6730/JAAT.202201_21(4).0004

摘要

隨著氣候變遷造成水資源匱乏加劇，但全世界對於稻米的需求卻日益上升，如何在氣候變遷下，利用有限的水資源產生最大效益是目前稻作栽培極需要解決的問題之一。本試驗中以傳統的自由漫灌（wild flooding irrigation, WFI）為對照組，乾溼交替輪灌技術（alternative wetting and drying, AWD）以及穿孔管灌溉技術（perforated pipe irrigation, PPI）為處理組進行水稻節水栽培，結果顯示產量及產量構成要素在三種供水方式之間具有顯著差異，兩種節水栽培在產量上相較於WFI均顯著下降，而PPI與AWD兩者在產量及產量構成要素並沒有顯著的差異。PPI灌溉水分利用效率表現的最好，與WFI和AWD相比分別顯著提高71.4%和45.7%，說明在灌溉水分利用效率上PPI高於其他兩種灌溉模式。綜合試驗結果，在水資源匱乏環境下，使用AWD和PPI灌溉方式栽培水稻，可以顯著減少灌溉水量及提升水分利用效率，但稻穀產量較傳統的自由漫灌分別減少20.6%和19.3%。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 乾溼交替灌溉 ； 穿孔管灌溉 ； 產量與產量構成要素 ； 水分利用效率

並列摘要

Climate change is intensifying water scarcity and as the world's demand for rice is increasing, limiting water resources to generate maximum benefits under climate change is one of the most important issues in rice cultivation. In this experiment, the goal was to reduce the amount of irrigation water without affecting the yield. WFI was the control group and AWD and PPI were the treatment groups for water-saving rice cultivation. The results showed that yield components, there is a significant difference between AWD and PPI relative to WFI that both in yield are reduction and have no significant difference in yield components and yields. In irrigation water use efficiency, PPI performed the best, and WFI and AWD improved significantly by 71.4% and 45.7% respectively. This indicated that PPI achieved higher water use efficiency than the other two irrigation modes. In conclusion, if rice is grown in two water-saving cultivation modes in a water-deficient environment, AWD and PPI can effectively improve water use efficiency and get certain yields, although compared to WFI, these yields were reduced by 20.6% and 19.3% respectively.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； alternative wetting and drying ； perforated pipe irrigation ； yield and yield components ； water use efficiency

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