陽明山黑色火山岩土之理化特性研究

A Study on the Physical & Chemical Properties of Ando Soils in Yungmingshan

黎靜韻(Ching-Yuan Lai.) ； 梁鉅榮(Ku-Wing Leung)

《中華農業研究》 16卷4期 (1967/12) Pp. 1-7

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196712.0001

摘要

陽明山黑色土壤頗爲普遍，由安山岩生成與日本之火山灰土性質接近，本研究看重其理化性質研究，以爲該土壤用之研討，選取二代表剖面分別進行，結果如下：
1．就剖面形態與理化性分析結果，兩代表剖面各僅有AC層，均非化育成熟之土壤。
2．化育於傾斜林地之剖面A ，爲一原生之未成熟之土壤，化育於緩坡平地之剖面B，係曾經覆蓋，爲一重疊之未成熟剖面。
3．物理性分析結果，具低容積比重，高孔隙率，質地輕，構造團粒，通透性良好等，與日本之火山灰土(Ando 50115)之物理性至爲接近。
4．化學性分析結果：具豐富之有機質，頗與日本之棕色火山灰土符合，陽離子交換能量，鹽基飽和度，C/N 比率與粘土部分之組成，Sa值與SiO2/R2O3比率等，則與爪哇 Indonesia 之 Ando 50115較接近。
5．陽明山之黑色土各項理化特性與日本或爪哇之Ando Soils相近，但母質並非火山灰，而爲安山岩或安山凝灰岩，與木省東臺灣之黑色土，或北部玄武岩之黑色土，或南部之黑色石灰土之理化性均有不同，筆者認爲稱應之爲黑色安山岩土。
6．就土壤肥力言之，本土壤物理性質優良，化學性如有機質豐富，有效磷、鉀均高，有效鈣及鎂中等以上，爲一肥力高之土壤，利用範圍廣泛，集約之園藝事業，尤爲適當。

並列摘要

Black colour soils are found in Yungmingshan and derived from andestite, their properties are Similar to Ando soils of Japan. This study emphasize on their physico-chemical properties and with a discussion on their genesis and practicle utilization. Two soil profiles were collected and analysised. The reslut may be summarized as follow:
1. There are only A and C horizons base on the morphology and physicochemical properties, therefore, these two soil porfiles are immature soils and one of them is a burned soils.
2. Physical properties of these soils are presented in table 3, they are low in volume wieght, high in porosity, light texture, granular structure and with rapid permeability.
3. Chemical properties are shown in Table 4, 5, 6, and 7 they are rich in organic matter, calcium and magnesium, high C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity is not high, low base saturation and the sa value and silica-sesquioxide ratio of the clay fraction are all low.
4. Base on the properties mention above, they are very similar with the Ando soils of Japan or Indonesia Java. But different from Black colour soils in Eastern Taiwan, black soils derived from basalt in the North and Rendzina in the South. That may be called as black color soils of andesite.
5. These soils have good physical properties and chemical properties such as with plenty of organic matter, high is available P2O K2O, CaO and MgO. So they are high fertility soils and may be utilized intensively and suitable for intensive horticulture.