水稻雜種優勢之研究(1)水稻品種間雜種第一代優勢之初步測定

Studies on the Hybrid Vigor of Rice (1) Screening Test on Hybrid Vigor of Rice

許東暉(T. H. Hsu) ； 洪信雄(S. S. Hong) ； 鄧耀宗(Y. C. Teng) ； 黃眞生(C. S. Huang)

《中華農業研究》 18卷3期 (1969/09) Pp. 1-17

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.196909.0001

摘要

1.本試驗爲探討水稻品種間，有關穀粒產量是否有什種優勢，以及其利用價值爲目的。曾什交160個組合，但秧苗期遭遇冷害之影響，實際供試驗者有90個什交組合。
2．供試F1中有65個什交組合，表現有抗寒之優勢，此抗寒因子似係顯性因子之控制，但另有19及40個組合顯示爲可加性及隱性因子所控制。詳細之遺傳行爲，有待進一步之研究。
3．植高及分蘗在什種F1之生長初期，多數的組合有什種優勢之表現，但隨植株高度之增加，即後半期，此表現似有減退之現象，尤其株高較爲明顯。
4．什種F1之抽穗期，組合間雖有差異，但多數比較早抽穗親本早或相同。
5．有關穀粒產量，共有44個什交組合F1表現有什種優勢。多數係穗數及一穗粒數等因子之貢獻其中以H276（臺中176號×臺中150號）及H104（臺農60號×光復401號）等組合之優勢表，現最佳，高達60%之多。產量高於對照品種臺中65號者有31個組合，但優於另一對照品種臺南3號者僅有H55（臺農38號×光復401號）及H24（臺南3號×臺中65號）。
6．植高及分蘗在F2各組合間之差異不大，但生育日數差異較明顯，最早者爲H145（愛國×臺中186號）僅94天，最晚者爲H13(PiNo2×高雄135號）多達129天之多。成熟整齊度除H145,H83及H18等較整齊之外其他組合不太整齊。
7．什種第二代之產量檢定，經統計分析結果，組合間有顯著差異，其中以H18（臺農選3號×吉野1號），H276（臺中176×臺中150號）等7個組合之產量最佳，此些組合在Fl亦有同樣優良之表現。

並列摘要

1. Originally 160 cross-combinations were made between rice varieties but the serious cold temperature killed some of the F1 seedlings. Only 90 cross-combinations were used for studying the hybrid vigor of rice and its practical value in terms of grain yield.
2. The primarily test for the cold resistance showed that 65 cross combinations of F1 hybrids wee controlled by dominant genes, 19 cross-combinations were controlled by additive genes, and 40 cross-combinations were controlled by recessive genes. However, a further study on the heredity of rice resistant to low temperature will be necessary to clarify the genetic behavior.
3. The hybrid vigor in terms of the growth of plant height and number of tillers during the first five weeks after transplanting were obvious. However, the hybrid vigor were decreasing after the seventh weeks, especially the growth of plant height.
4. Most of the F1 hybrids showed earlier in heading than their early-maturing parents, though some cross-combinations showed later in heading than their parents.
5. Hybrid vigor in terms of grain yield showed that 44 cross-combinations produced more grain yield than their higher yield parents, mainly due to the increase of panicle number and spikelets per panicle. Among the F1 hybrids, H 276 (Taichung 176 x Taichung 150) and H 104 (Tainung 60 x Kwaugfu 1) showed the highest hybrid vigor, produces 60% more than the higher yield of their parents. Comparing with the commercial varieties, 31 cross-combinations produced more grain yield than Taichung 65, but only H 55 (Tainung 38 x Kwangfu 401) and H24 (Tainan 3 x Taichung 65) produced more yield than Tainan 3.
6. In the F2 generation, the variations of plant height and number of tillers among the various cross-combinations were small, but the variations of growth period were obviously different. The earliest maturing F2 hybrid was H 145 (Aikoku x Taichung 186) only 94 days. The latest hybrid was H 130 Pi No.2 x Kaohsiung 135) taking 129 days for maturity. Most of the hybrids showed unequal on grain maturity except H 145, H 83, and H 18.
7. The results of the grain yield trail between cross-combinations in F2 generation showed significant difference. Among the hybrids seven combinations including H 18 (Tainung selection 3 x Yoshino No.1) and H 276 (Taichung 176 x Taichung 150) produced promising yield in F2 generation as well as in F1 generation.