落花生種子休眠性之研究　Ⅱ.種子成熟度與休眠性及地中萌芽之關係

Studies on the Seed Dormancy of Peanuts Ⅱ. The Effect of Seed Maturity on Dormancy and Sprouting of Peanuts

林興(Hsing Lin) ； 林慶雨(Ching-Yu Lin)

《中華農業研究》 20卷3期 (1971/09) Pp. 42-48

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197109.0005

摘要

本試驗以三種不同類型品種：臺農3號(Spanish)、立枝仔(Virginia
Bunch)、澎糊2號(Virginia Runner)爲材料，於59年3月25日播種。根據各品種之始花日期，在始花後60日、75日、90日、105日、120日及135日等6次，分別收穫。採用裂區設計，重復3次，每次收穫待調查其莢果産量、成熟莢比率、剝實率及飽滿粒比率，同時調查收穫時在地中萌芽莢之比率，收穫亁燥後每隔一週舉行發芽試驗，調查休眠種子比率，根據三個代表品種在不同收穫期之莢果種子性狀，作爲判定各品種之種子成熟度及其休眠性，地中萌芽之關係。玆將結果摘述如下：
（一）落花生不同類型品種之成熟期有顯著差異，根據不同收穫期之莢果收量，成熟莢比率，剝貿率及飽滿粒比率等性狀之差異顯著性，表示臺農3號之成熟期在始花後90日，立枝仔及澎湖2號，則在始花後120日始達成熟階段，在成熟前收穫之莢果産量、成熟莢比率、剝實率及飽滿粒比率均顯著降低。
（二）各品種不同收穫期之地中萌芽調查結果，顯示無休眠性之臺農3號地中萌芽情形，較具有休眠性之立枝仔及澎湖2號爲嚴重，且隨著生育日數之延長而增加，達到成熟以後增加更爲急劇。
（三）從不同收穫期收穫之成熟度不同的種子進行種子休眠性的測定結果，認爲臺農3號因無休眠性，其種子在未成熱（始花後60日）時，亦能全部發芽；而立枝仔及澎湖2號在未達成熟階段的種子（始花後120日以前收穫者），較達到成熟階段的種子（始花後120日及135日收穫者）之休眠性爲強，而休眠期亦較長。

並列摘要

This paper is to report the effect of seed maturity on seed dormancy and sprouting of peanuts. The experiment was conducted in the spring, 1970 at Plant and Seed Propagation Station, Taichung, Taiwan. Three varieties, Tainung No. 3 (Spanish, early-maturity), Li-chi-tzu (Virginia Bunch, Mibble-maturity) anb Peng-hu No. 2 (Virginia Runner, late maturity) were used in this study along with 6 different dates of harvest at intervals of 15 days beginning from 60 days to 135 days after flowering. The seed dormancy and sprouting percentage of different seed maturity (different dates of harvest) were evaluated, The results were summarized as follows:
1) Judging from the data obtained in the yield of pods, percent maturing pod, percent sound and shelling percentage, it is indicated that days to harvest after flowering or degree maturity varied among different varieties, the Peng-hu No. 2 and Li-chih-tzu had higher yield and quality at 120 days after flowering, but the Tainung No.3 required only 90 days. The yield and quality differences were also very significant among different dates of harvest.
2) The percentage of preharvest sprouting was higher for variety Tainung No. 3 than Peng-hu No. 2 and Li-chih-tzu. It was also found that the sprouting percentage increased steadily after peanuts reached maturing stage, especially Tainung No.3.
3) The experimental results showed that the seed of Tainung No. 3 could germinate immediately after harvest at the stage of 60 days after flowering. However the seeds of Peng-hu No.2 and Li-chih-tzu required 6-8 weeks dormancy period when they were harvested less than 120 days after flowering which was considered to be not completely mature, period was a little shorter as the seeds approached maturity.