亞麻播種機之改良試驗

Experiment and Improvement of Flax Seeder

陳梯全(T.C. Chen) ； 謝秀榮(S.R. Shieh)

《中華農業研究》 22卷2期 (1973/06) Pp. 230-239

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.197306.0007

摘要

本試驗目的，爲探究適宜本省農村使用之亞麻整地播種機械及播種方法，以供推廣。分爲播種改良及田間試驗兩部份進行。茲將所得結果，摘要列述如下：
1.驅動式耕耘機，配裝播種機，行播種作業，使耕耘、整平、播種等3項作業一次完成，省工省時，確可替代本省亞麻整地播種作業。
2.亞麻播種機之種子排出輥子，採用圓孔形者爲佳，該輥子之轉動動力，由耕耘機輪軸直接用鏈條傳動，其輪軸與輥子之轉速比以1:2.18爲宜。
3.種子排出輥子係木質製造，直徑5公分，長度14公分，開成4排，每排6個，共24個圓孔，其圓孔之大小爲配合目前推廣品種臺中選1號每公頃70公斤之播種量，第1排圓孔之孔徑0.85公分，孔深0.5公分，可容納亞麻種子約38個，第2、3、4排圓孔之孔徑0.45公分，孔深0.2公分，可容納亞麻種子6個，分成1/2，1，2，3等4個開度，各開度每公頃落種量約爲60，70，80，90公斤，與目前推廣之播種量近似。
4.種子撒佈器係安裝在耕耘機尾輪固定管內，由種子箱排出之定量種子，經導種管落入撒佈器跳台種板上，利用其種子本身落下之衝力跳散，落種管共4支，每支間隔約15公分，在跳板之角度約40-50度時，撒佈情形最爲均勻。
5.亞麻機械整地播種之方法，以定層播法成績最佳，次爲全層播法，至於淺耕條播法及寬條播法等成績均不佳，在本省不宜採用。
6.耕耘機整地播種每10公畝所費時間，以定層播法之70分鐘最多，全層播法約爲60分鐘，因定層播法係將耕耘機尾輪換裝撒佈器後，在田間兩端轉彎時較不靈活，故所需時問較多。
7.亞麻機械整地播種雖比不整地人工撒播可提高原莖產量及品質，但除在砂質土壤差異顯著外，在粘質土壤因碎土不易，故影響發芽，致成績差異不大，但耕耘機整地播種所費時間及費用均比不整地人工撒播法高出3-5倍，在目前農村人工缺乏，原莖收購價格低廉之狀況下，欲爲提高原莖產量及品質而推行機械整地播種，是值得檢討之問題。

並列摘要

The purpose of this test is to research the most suitable seeder and seeding methods for the flax production of Taiwan agricultural fields, then extends it. The advance of this test is divided into two parts: the improvements of seeder & the field tests.
1. Using the propelling tiller and equipping seeder to do the seeding work that can complete the tillage, leveling, and seeding in one time, saving both labour and time, will certainly replace the flax seeding work of Taiwan.
2. Round opening roller will be the best one among all types of discharge devices in the flax seeder. Its rolling power is directly turned by the chains from tiller axis and the most suitable rolling speed ratio of tiller axis and roller is 1:2.18.
3. The opening roller for seed discharge is made of wood. Its diameter is 5 cm. and its height is 14 cm., opening to 4 rows, and each row has 6 openings to make 24 openings in total. For matching the extension variety Taichung selection No 1. and the quantity of seeding is 70 kg. per hectare. The diameter & depth of the lst row round opening are 0.85 cm. & 0.5 cm., which can hold 38 flax seeds. Futhermore, the diameter & depth of the 2nd, 3rd, & 4th rows are 0.45 cm. & 0.2 cm which can hold 6 flax seeds. It has 4 opening degrees of 1/2, 1, 2, & 3, the seeding quantities per hectare in each opening degree are approximate 60, 70, 80, & 90 kg., which is the same as the scale of extension now.
4. The seed distributor is equipped in the fixing-up tube of end wheel of tiller. The same quantity of seeds discharges from the seed box and through the seed trachea drops down to the seed plate of distributor and leaps out by collision force of seed dropping. There are 4 drop-seed tubes which separate 15 cm. from each other. The best distributive situation is that the angle of seed plate is about 40-50 degrees.
5. The best method for flax tiller seeding is to adopt the band seeding in fixed layer soil, secondary in whole soil. As for the results of shallow & deep line seeding methods are all not good and not suitable to be adopted in Taiwan.
6. It takes 70 minutes per acre by utilizing the tiller band seeding in fixed soil, but 60 minutes per acre by utilizing the tiller band seeding in whole soil. The reason is that an additional distributor must be attached on the rear portion of the tiller in the fixed layer soil, so the seeder in the field operation is reduced substancially and the using time is more.
7. In promoting the yield & quality of original flax stem, the tiller seeding is better than the conventional labour seeding. This result only differences distinctly in sand soil while it can influence on germination in sticky soil because of breaking the soil being so difficult. The wasting time and cost of the tiller seeding are 3-5 times those of conventional labour seeding. At present, in the view of extending tiller seeding to promote the yield and quality of orginal flax stem, it is worthy to be carefully investigated because of the labour shortage and the cheap price stem.