銷日菊花害蟲檢疫前處理－燻蒸法與燻煙法之利用

Study on the Quarantine Treatments of Insect Pests on Chrysanthemum Cutflowers-Fumigation and Smoking Methods

王清玲(C. L. Wang) ； 林瑞桐(R. T. Lin)

《中華農業研究》 33卷1期 (1984/03) Pp. 88-93

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198403.0012

摘要

以燻蒸法(Fumigation)與燻煙法(Smoking)分別處理菊花害蟲－薊馬(Frankliniella intonsa, Thrips hazvaiiensis)、蚜蟲(Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae)、與二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae)。燻蒸劑中以32.3%磷化鎂(Magnesium phosphide)11.5g/立方公尺燻蒸切花12小時或15.4g/立方公尺燻蒸8小時，可使二點葉蟎全部死亡，以2.1g/立方公尺燻蒸8小時或6g/立方公尺燻蒸1小時，可使薊馬死亡。但影響之因子很多，效果不穩定。二甲苯(Xylene)可增強燻蒸之效果；以8.5g/立方公尺之二甲苯加以磷化鎂15.4g/立方公尺燻蒸4小時，薊馬、二點葉蟎全死，蚜蟲之死亡率提高至接近百分之百。
10種殺蟲劑與7種殺蟎劑之燻煙試驗中，以數種合成除蟲菊精藥劑對蚜蟲與薊馬有較優效果。殺蟎劑則未發現有對二貼葉蟎效果理想者。以第滅寧(Deltamethrin)98%工業原體1g/立方公尺燻煙1小時，與磷化鎂15.4g/立方公尺燻蒸7小時合併處理菊花，可同時使蚜蟲、薊馬與二點葉蟎全部死亡。

並列摘要

To fumigate chrysanthemum cutflowers with magnesium phosphide 32.3% P. at the concentration-time of 11.5g/m^3-12 hrs. or 15.4m/m^3-8 hrs. killed 2-spotted spider mites at 2.1 g/m^3-8 hrs. or 7.7g/m^3-2 hrs or 12.5g/m^3-lhr. killed thrips. To fumigate with xylene at the concentration of 16.6 g/m^3 and with magnesium phosphide 15.4g/m^3 for 4 hours killed thrips, aphids and 2-spotted spider mites at the rates of 100.0%, 96,9%, and 98.0%, respectively.
In smoking tests with 10 insecticides and 7 acaricides, some systhetic pyrethroids gave the most effective control on aphids and thrips. No acaricides were found effective for the quarantine treatment of spider mites. Treat culfiowers with the smoke of deltamethrin 98% tech. at the concentration of 1 g/m^3 for 1hr. and with the gas of magnesium phos-phide 32.3%. P. for another 5 hrs. killed thrips, aphids and 2-spotted spier mites completely.