溫度與照度對螺旋藻生長速率、生理與生性質之影響

Studies on the Effects of Temperature and Light Intensity upon Growth Rate, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Spirulina platensis

劉慧瑛(Huey-Ing Liu)

《中華農業研究》 33卷3期 (1984/09) Pp. 276-291

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198409.0006

摘要

食用性高蛋白質螺旋藻Spirulina platensis，爲一絕對光自營性生物，除了照度因素外，溫度、接種濃度與培養方式對其生長都有重要的影響。劇烈的攪拌會減弱藻體對高溫及強光的耐性而使生長速率變慢。太過稀薄的藻體則在40℃及強光下生長時會迅速進入衰滅期；然而，提高溫度至40°及45℃時可使較高濃度的藻體得到較大的生長速率與較小的飽和光量。
初濃度約0.24g/l之對數生長期螺旋藻培養液在33-45℃與1-16 klux環境下培養24小時，經一般組成與色素成分分析後發現，在強光高溫下生長之藻體，其細胞內除全醣量大幅增加外，蛋白質、核酸、葉綠素a、類胡蘿蔔素及藻藍素含量均行減少且失去上浮能力；在顯微鏡下可觀察到細胞顆粒及氣胞數目減少呈透明狀態；靜置培養之藻體綑胞總長度達2-3毫米，通氣攪拌則導致細胞嚴重斷裂二單位培養體積內之總醣量高出低溫弱光培養者約30-35倍，除葉綠素a減少，藻藍素不增減外，其餘成分都有增加。
在37℃, 6 klux或40℃, 4-6 klux下，以靜置方式培養螺旋藻時可以得到最大的蛋白質、葉綠素a及藻藍素產量。

並列摘要

Edible blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis, rich in protein and carotenoids, is an obligate photo-autotroph. Not only light intensity, but also temperature, inoculum size and cultivating type affect the growth of this alga. Violent agitation would decrease the resistance of high temperature and strong illumination, then slow down the growth rate. Too diluted inoculant and strong illumination at 40℃ would quickly make the algal growth approaching to decline phase. However, the maximum algal growth rate and lesser saturation constant of light intensity could be obtained with dense inoculant and increasing the cultivation temperature to 40° and 45℃.
Spirulina grown in exponential phase with inoculum size about 0.24g/l were cultivated under 33°-45°C and 1-16 Klux for 24 hours. After analyzing the cellular composition and pigment content, it was found that algal cell grown with high temperature and light intensity had extremely high carbohydrates content, but less in protein, nucleic acid, chlorophyll a, carotenoids and c-phycocyanin content and lost floating ability. Under microscopic examination, the cell was transparent, contained few granules, formed short fragments in aeration culture and very long 〔2-3mm. in length〕 in sedimental cutlure.
Comparison the medium for Spirulina grown in high temperature and strong light with low temperature and dim light, it was found that the amount of total carbohydrates presented in unit volume medium of the former was 30 to 35 folds, chlorophyll a was fewer, c-phycocynin was equal and other components were more than that of the latter.
Maximal production of protein, chlorophyll a and c-phycocyanin in Spirulina could be harvested with sedimental cultivation at 37℃ and 6 Klux or at 40℃ and 4-6 Klux.