螺旋藻Spirulina platensis與S. maxima形態、生理與生長特性之比較

Studies on the Comparison of Morphological, Physiological and Growth Characteristics between Spirulina platensis and S. maxima

劉慧瑛(Huey-Ing Liu)

《中華農業研究》 35卷1期 (1986/03) Pp. 63-80

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.198603.0007

摘要

本試驗係對目前已商業化生產之螺旋藻藻種Spirulina platensis與Spirulina. maxima進行形態、生理、細胞成分（一般組成、消化率、礦物質、膠基酸、色素及脂肪酸）與生長特性（生長速率、對高溫及強光之耐性）等之比較。
此二藻皆會產生直線狀突變種，而以S. platensis形態較不受環境變化所影響；該藻細胞內含有多量氣胞，具有上浮能力，體型較非洲查德湖種為大。S. maxima形態與類胡蘿蔔素組成則近似墨西哥培養之S. geitleri（或稱S. maxima），細胞內氣胞量少，容易下沈且形態多變化。氣胞可能為S. platensis的貯藏蛋白質之一。
S. platensis與S. maxima之Linoleic Acid與Linolonic Acid總量約占總脂肪酸含量30%以上，可作為必須脂肪酸補充食品。S. maxima在室內日光燈照射培養時β-Carotene含量極低，而在日光下培養之藻體則含量增加。
在室溫低照度培養下S. maxima生長較快。30-35℃ 16Klux 下初期生長以S. platensis快，後期則S. maxima稍快。在40℃以上高溫及強光照射下S. maxima停止生長或死亡。
本省夏秋兩季氣溫高日照足，適宜栽培S. platensis。春冬季氣溫低，光照弱則宜選擇S. maxima。

並列摘要

The characteristics of morphology, physiology, cellular components (including general composition, digestibility, mineral elements, amino acids, pigments and fatty acids) and growth condition of Spirulina platensis and S. maxima had been studied.
Both strains of algae could form straight shape varients, but S. platensis was more stable in morphological varience than the other. S. platensis contained more gas vacuoles and cellular granules than S. maxima, and more suspensible. It had larger shape than the strain from the Lake Tchad, Gas vacuoles could be a kind of storage protein of S. platensis. Spirulina maxima grown in this laboratory was similiar to those S. getleri or S. maxima from Maxico with shape and composition of carotenoids. It contained less gas vacuoles and much easily sedirnented. Total amounts of linoleic acid and rylinolenic acid of S. platensis and S. maxima were over 30% of fatty acids content. The biomass of both algal strains could be used to enrich the essential fatty acid content of food. S. maxima grown indoor had less amount of β-carotene, but the outdoor cultured contained much more β-carotene.
S. maxima grew faster under room temperature. At 30-35℃, S. platensis grew faster in the beginning. Above 40℃, S. maxima grew slowly and partially dead. Both strains of algae could grown in 3% NaCl culture, but less chlorella contaimination in S. maxima culture.