現行水稻推廣品種生產力與氮肥用量之關係II．氮肥用量對稻米容重及品質之影響

The Relationship between Grain Productivity and Nitrogen-fertilizer Rate of Currently Cultivated Rice Cultivars II. The Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates on Volume Weight and Quality Traits in Rice

賴明信(Ming-Hsing Lai) ； 陳正昌(Chen-Chang Chen) ； 郭益全(Yih-Chuan Kuo) ； 陳治官(Chyr-Guan Chern) ； 李長沛(Chang-Pei Li) ； 曾東海(Tung-Hai Tseng) ； 林英俊(Ying-Chun Lin)

《中華農業研究》 46卷1期 (1997/03) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.29951/JARC.199703.0001

摘要

為探討臺灣水稻推廣品種於不同氮肥用量下稻穀容重、糙米容重、碾米品質及白米物理與化學特性之變化，本試驗以四個水稻品種臺農67號、臺稉2號、臺稉6號及臺中秈10號為材料，第一期作施以60、100、140、180kgN/ha，第二期作施以60、90、120、150kgN/ha等四個氮肥處理，於1993及1994年在農試所農場連續進行兩年四期作之田間試驗。結果顯示：第一期作參試三個稉品種之稻穀容重及完整米率與施氮量分別呈值線關係，均隨氮肥施量之增加而降低。臺中秈10號之稻穀容重及完整米率與施氮量分別呈二次及三次曲線關係。而四個參試品種之直鏈澱粉含量及粗蛋白質含量與氮肥施量皆呈直線關係，其中，直鏈澱粉含量隨氮肥施量之增加而減少，但粗蛋白質含量則隨氮肥施量之增加而增高。第二期作四個參試品種之稻穀容重除臺稉2號外，均隨氮肥施量之增加而減少，完整米率及直鏈性澱粉含量與氮肥施量具有線性關係，粗蛋白質含量隨氮肥施量之增加而增加。綜合兩年四期作之資料指出，降低氮肥用量可提高參試稉之稻穀容重但降低粗蛋白質含量，而對完整米率與直鏈性澱粉含量之影響因期作而有差異。考量本試驗稻穀產量與稻米品質之資料認為較佳的氮肥施用量，第一期以不超過140kgN/ha，第二期作以90kgN/ha為最適當，增加氮肥用量對稻米品質有負面的影響。

關鍵字

水稻 ； 氮肥 ； 稻穀容重 ； 糙米容重 ； 稻米品質

並列摘要

In order to elucidate the relationship between nitrogen-fertilizer rate and grain productivity for currently cultivated rice cultivars of Taiwan, the field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute under four nitrogen rates (60, 100, 140, 180 kg N/ha for the 1st rice crop; 60, 90, 120, 150 kg N/ha for the 2nd rice crop) in 1993 and 1994 using four rice cultivars, Tainung 67, Taikeng Nos. 2 and 6, and Taichung Sen 10 (TCS 10) as the experimental materials. This article presented is emphasizing on the performances of volume weights of paddy and brown rice, milling quality and physicochemical properties. In the 1st rice crop linear responses, increasing in amount of nitrogen fertilizer show decreasing in volume weight of paddy rice and head rice rate, were observed for all 3 sinica cultivars. On the other hand, quadratic and cubic responses to nitrogen were respectively indicated for volume weight and head rice rate of TCS 10, the indica cultivar. As to physicochemical properties evaluated, linear trends of effects of nitrogen rate were shown for those properties with the exception of gel consistency. However, trends were different depending on traits, that is, lower amylose content and higher protein content were observed as nitrogen rate increased. In the 2nd rice crop, it is indicated that as nitrogen rate increased, heavier volume weight of paddy rice was found for all rice cultivars except for Taikeng No. 2. Data indicated that the trends of both head rice tate and amylose content of milled rice due to different nitrogen fertilizer rates were not significant. In addition, higher protein content was indicated as nitrogen increased. From the results obtained, it might be concluded that decreasing in amount of nitrogen fertilizer could resulted in increasing in volume weight of paddy rice, but decreasing in protein content of milled rice, however, the effect of mitrogen rates to the performances of head rice rate and amylose content appeard to be different, i. e. depending on crop seasons. Considering grain yield potential and quality, it is recommended that the optimal nitrogen-fertilizer rate is 140 kg/ha for the 1st rice crop and 90 kg/ha for the 2nd rice crop, respectively, Higher nitrogen rate should result in decreasing of grain quality of rice.

並列關鍵字

Rice ； Nitrogen ； Volume weight ； Rice grain quality