亞麻油酸(Linoleic Acid)及次亞麻油酸(Linolenic Acid)封奧利亞吳郭魚(Oreochromis Aureus)之生長、耐寒性及極性脂質組成的影響

The Effects of Linoleic Acid and Linolenic Acid on the Growth, Cold Tolerance and the Composition of Polar Lipid of Oreochromis aureus

劉擎華(Chyng-Hwa Liou) ； 鄭健雄(Jiann-Shyong Jenn) ； 邱美蘭(Meei-Lan Chiou) ； 莊健隆(Jan-Lung Chuang)

《臺灣水產學會刊》 10卷1期 (1983/09) Pp. 14-22

https://doi.org/10.29822/JFST.198309.0003

摘要

本文目的在探討亞麻油酸(linoleic acid)及次亞麻油酸(linolenic acid)對奧利亞吳郭魚(Oreochromis aureus)成長，耐低溫能力及魚體極性脂質之脂肪酸組成的影響。
成長試驗以月桂酸(lauric acid, C12:0)，亞麻油酸(linoleic acid, C18:2ω6)及次亞麻油酸(1inolenic acid, C18:3ω3)調配成各種不同脂肪酸組成的飼料進行餵食，為期10週。結果顯示添加ω6的亞麻油酸或ω3的次亞麻油酸於僅含月桂酸為脂肪酸源的基礎飼料中可改善魚的增重和食物轉换效率，兩者之中又以ω6的亞麻油酸效果較佳，其最低需求量約為飼料乾重的1%。
以成長試驗結束後的各組吳郭魚進行耐低溫試驗，從22℃開始，每隔兩小時降溫1℃，至6℃為止，結果發現各組魚失去平衡的累積百分率並無明顯規則，顯示餵食飼料中不同的脂肪酸組成對奧利亞吳郭魚的耐低溫能力並無明顯影響。
餵食無脂肪飼料或僅含5％月桂酸飼料的吳郭魚，其魚體極性脂質的脂肪酸組成中ω9系列脂肪酸含量較他組為高，而添加ω6的亞麻油酸或ω3的次亞麻油酸者所含的ω9系列脂肪酸較低，且以ω6的亞麻油酸添加組較為明顯。此外，添加ω6的亞麻油酸可提高魚體極性脂質中C20:4ω6的含量比率，而添加ω3的次亞麻油酸則可提高C22:6ω3的含量比率。

並列摘要

The effect of linoleic acid (C18:2ω6) and linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) on the growth, cold tolerance and the composition of polar lipid of Oreochromis aureus were studied. The diets were prepared by adding both linoleic acid (C18:2ω6) and linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) at different proportions. After ten-week experiment, the results indicated that the addition of linoleic acid or linolenic acid to the basal diet containing only lauric acid (C12:0) improved the weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. However, the growth-promoting effect of linleic acid was better than that of linolenic acid. Thediet requirement of linoleic acid was found to be around 1% of drp feed.
During the following cold-tolerance test, the temperature was decreased 1℃ every two hours from 22℃ until it reached 6℃.It appears that the cold tolerance of Oreochromis aureus had no obvious relationship with types of dietary fatty acids.
Feeding the fat-free diet or the diet containing only 5% lauric acid (C12:0) could elevate the proportion of ω9 fatty acids in the polar lipids of Oreochromis aureus bodies. This trend was lowered proprtionally by the supplementation of linoleic acid or linolenic acid, and the former appeared to be more efficient. In addition, the supplementation of linoleic acid to the diets caused the increase of the proportion of C20:4ω6 in the polar lipid composition of Oreochromis aureus while linolenic acid caused the increase of C22:6ω3 proportion.